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Why does mathematical induction have to prove n= 1 first?
This is the premise, because it holds when n= 1, which proves that if n=k holds, then n=k+ 1 also holds, so it holds when N = 1+0 = 2, and so on. = 1 is true.

The axiom of induction is equivalent to Peano's theorem: if a set contains 1 and its successors, it is a set of natural numbers.