In fact, a qualified kindergarten teacher has a lot of professional knowledge to learn, and even experienced teachers should keep learning new knowledge. Let's take a look at 87 common terms necessary for kindergarten teachers!
——? Kindergarten teaching activities? ——
0 1. Preschool education
Preschool education in a broad sense refers to all purposeful activities that can affect children's physical growth and cognitive, emotional and personality development; Preschool education in a narrow sense refers to the education of kindergartens and other preschool education institutions.
02. Combination of education and protection
A major feature of early childhood education in China is also a principle that kindergartens always adhere to. "Protection" refers to the protection of children's health. "Teaching" refers to the education and teaching in kindergartens, and it is a purposeful and planned education for children's all-round development according to the requirements of physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic aspects.
03. Environmental creation
All external conditions of kindergarten, including material environment and spiritual environment. Generally, kindergarten teachers often refer to the decoration of classrooms, corridors and halls, and the self-made corners and walls.
04. Teaching and research
That is, educational research, summarizing teaching experience, finding teaching problems and studying teaching methods. It is a way for preschool teachers to continuously improve their professional quality.
05. Design of teaching activities
The so-called "teaching plan" refers to the kindergarten teachers' selection and planning of teaching and learning objectives, contents, implementation and evaluation methods, and puts forward specific activity implementation plans.
06. Teaching plan
Kindergarten's overall planning of teaching content generally includes daily plan, weekly plan, monthly plan, stage plan, semester plan, academic year plan and overall plan.
07. Five major areas
According to the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education, kindergarten teaching activities are divided into five areas: health, science, society, language and art.
08. Four parts
Refers to the four categories of kindergarten teaching activities, namely, life activities, sports activities, learning activities and game activities.
09. Collective teaching
Refers to the form of activities carried out by the whole class, which is centralized and unified, that is, the activities are attended by all members and have unified activities objectives and requirements.
10. Regional corner activities
Also known as activity area, regional activity or regional game, it refers to a form of activity in which classrooms, corridors, outdoors and other venues are used to set up various corners, and certain materials are placed in each corner according to educational goals, children's interests, development needs and the development process of theme activities, so that children can choose the content and methods of activities according to their own interests.
Common corner activities include role performance area, construction game area, performance game area, art design area, life operation area, puzzle area and reading area.
1 1. Personal learning
Teaching methods designed to meet the needs, interests, abilities and learning progress of individual children. In kindergartens, personalized learning is often achieved through materials placed in every corner.
12. Group teaching
An activity that some children do together. It is beneficial for teachers to understand and guide children's activities, to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and to communicate and cooperate with children.
13. Theme activities
Research-oriented curriculum is a series of activities that children independently observe and explore the surrounding phenomena and things around a theme, and teachers give timely and appropriate support and guidance.
14. Outdoor activities
Other forms of outdoor sports activities besides morning exercises are rich, flexible and independent for children.
15. sports meeting
In sports competitions and kindergarten sports meetings, parents are often invited to participate in parent-child activities.
16. Rhythmic activities
Accompanied by music, musical activities are expressed through coordinated body movements.
17. Dialogue activities
Language education activities train children to use language to communicate with others within a certain range.
18. Tell about the activity
Language education activities focusing on children's language expression behavior.
19. Safety education
The basis of all kindergarten work is that teachers consciously, purposefully and systematically educate children on safety through a series of meaningful thematic education activities, so as to improve their self-protection ability and adaptability.
20. Competition
Games in a broad sense refer to all kinds of playing activities; In a narrow sense, children's games refer to the game activities designed and provided by kindergarten teachers to guide children to produce or spontaneously produce. Children live, learn and grow in games.
2 1. role game
A game in which children creatively reflect their personal lives by playing roles and exerting their imagination, usually with certain themes, such as small hospitals and barber shops. It is the most typical and distinctive game in childhood.
22. Rules game
Adults write games with clear rules to develop children's abilities.
23. Play games
It refers to a form of game in which children play roles according to the plots in fairy tales or stories and reproduce the contents of works.
24. Build a game
Also known as structural games, it refers to games in which children use various building materials or toys for building activities.
25. Cooperative behavior
It refers to a kind of social communication activity in which two or more children voluntarily combine together to achieve the same goal (* * * the same interest) and achieve the same goal (* * * the same interest) through mutual cooperation and coordination, and the ultimate interests are also met.
26. Unstructured materials
Without the original materials of design, children can freely decide how to play.
27. Low-structure materials
Active substances with loose structure, strong variability and various ways of playing.
28. High structural materials
Active materials with weak variability and single play.
29. Make your own teaching AIDS.
The teaching AIDS made by preschool teachers themselves are mainly made in the form of cutting, drawing, sewing and pasting, which are not only novel and interesting, but also reflect teachers' views on education and children.
30. Children's songs
A short poem with the flavor of folk songs, mainly aimed at young children. It is one of the oldest and most basic genres of children's literature. Children's songs are a kind of folk songs, which are found all over the country.
3 1. Before writing
Children use pens or other writing substitutes to convey information, express feelings and write experiences before using graphics and words to establish games and learning activities by perceiving, drawing, scribbling and simulating the use of words or symbols.
32. Before reading
Preschool children understand reading materials by changing colors, images and words or by reading and reading adult images. It can be visual activities, auditory activities, oral activities and even tactile activities, which is a way for children to understand society and nature.
33. Observation records
One of the basic methods of preschool education research is to investigate, record and analyze children purposefully with certain equipment.
34. Learn stories
Also known as narrative evaluation, it is an early childhood evaluation system introduced from New Zealand. Record the "bright spots" in children's study and life in the form of stories.
35. Growth document
Recording the growth process of children through various forms and establishing growth files for kindergarten children not only truly records the situation of kindergarten children, but also truly records the growth process of children with personality.
36. Young convergence
In order to promote children's healthy growth, kindergartens and primary schools help children achieve a smooth transition from preschool education to primary education by creating good conditions, and achieve good educational results.
-One day in kindergarten? ——
37. Patient meals
In addition to daily recipes, kindergartens also prepare special meals for children who are weak, sick or with special physique.
38. Weak children
Children whose growth and development are obviously affected by congenital deficiency or recurrent diseases often show light weight and infirmity. Kindergarten will take extra care of weak children in diet, exercise and other links.
39. overweight children
For overweight children, kindergartens will take extra care of overweight children during meals and sports.
40. disgust
For children prone to allergic reactions and allergic diseases, kindergartens will prepare special meals for allergic children to prevent allergies.
4 1. Autism
A subtype of pervasive developmental disorder, which is more common in men, begins in infancy and is mainly manifested in different degrees of speech development disorder, interpersonal communication disorder, narrow interest and rigid behavior. It is a special kind of children who are common in kindergartens.
42. Morning check-up
It is a measure taken by kindergartens to strengthen the prevention and control of infectious diseases, aiming at early detection of children infected with infectious diseases.
43. Touch, look, ask and check.
Steps of morning check-up in kindergarten. Touch, whether the child has a fever, and measure the temperature of the suspicious person; Second, under normal circumstances, observe the child's mental state and complexion, the early manifestations of infectious diseases, and whether there is a rash on the throat and skin. Three questions, diet, sleep and defecation of individual children; Fourth, check whether there are unsafe items, and deal with them quickly when problems are found.
44. One-day life
Arrange children's daily life according to their life characteristics, that is, reasonably arrange and divide the time and order of children's main life contents such as eating and sleeping. It mainly includes routine activities such as entering and leaving the park, eating, drinking, washing, going to the toilet and sleeping.
45. Transitional links
During a day's life in the garden, other contact and change time besides children's study and activities.
46. Class routines
Basic behavior rules that should be observed in various activities in kindergarten life. It is of great significance to the normal teaching order of the class and the development of children.
——? Theoretical knowledge? ——
47. parent-child relationship
The relationship between parents and children, in a narrow sense, refers to the emotional connection between children and parents in their early years, that is, attachment; Parent-child relationship in a broad sense refers to the interaction between parents and children, that is, parents' parenting attitudes and methods.
be reluctant to leave
There is a special emotional relationship between a child and his caregivers (usually parents). It is an emotional connection and bond, which comes from the interaction between children and caregivers.
49. Safety accessories
A type of attachment. This kind of children can play with toys comfortably when they are with their mothers, and they are not always attached to their mothers. When their mother left, they showed obvious pain. When mom comes back, she will contact her immediately, calm down quickly and continue playing games.
50. Unsafe attachment
A kind of attachment, including avoidance and resistance.
1) avoidant insecure attachment
The children won't be nervous or worried when their mother leaves. When their mother came back, they ignored them or briefly approached and walked away, showing neglect and avoidance. Such children are no different from their mothers in receiving comfort from strangers.
2) Resist unsafe attachment
The child expressed strong resistance to his mother's departure, and her mother came back to seek contact with her, but at the same time she showed resistance and even anger, and could no longer play games.
5 1. egocentricity
Children only perceive the world from their own perspective, unaware that others may have different perspectives and opinions.
52. Self-centeredness
Children gradually learn to distinguish between subject and object, gradually know themselves, and strive to find their place in the world, thus establishing a process of mutual contact between themselves and the world and themselves and others.
53. Induction period
Refers to the most sensitive period or preparation period for the development of specific skills or behavior patterns. In other words, in the critical period corresponding to a certain ability, ability is the easiest to develop.
Recently developed areas
There are two levels of children's development: one is the existing level of children, which refers to the level of problem-solving that can be achieved when they are independent; The other is the possible development level of children, that is, the potential gained through education. The difference between them is the nearest development zone.
55. Big muscles
Walking, running, jumping, stepping, crawling and throwing all need large muscle groups, and the large muscle groups of preschool children are relatively mature.
56. Small muscles
The movements of arms, wrists and fingers are combined, and some fine movements use small muscles, which develops slowly.
57. Fine movements
Refers to a series of fine movements of children's hands, such as pinching, grasping, bending and turning. The development of fine hand movements is closely related to the development of children's brains.
58. Hand-eye coordination
The coordination of people's fine movements in visual coordination.
59. Sensory disorders
Full name of sensory integration disorder, sensory integration is the function of the brain, sensory integration disorder is a kind of brain dysfunction, which can also be called learning disability. The popular saying of sensory disorder is: "Children have slight brain development disorder."
60. Separation anxiety
Refers to the anxiety, uneasiness or unpleasant emotional reaction caused by the separation of babies from their relatives, also known as parting anxiety.
6 1. Prosocial behavior
Also known as social behavior, it refers to a behavior that conforms to the social hope and has no obvious benefit to the actor himself, but the actor voluntarily brings benefits to the recipient of the behavior.
62. Attacks
Acts that cause physical or emotional harm to people and animals, or acts that cause property damage or destruction.
? ——? Parents work? ——
63. Home visits
Home visits by kindergarten teachers to children's homes are an important way to obtain some basic information. Generally speaking, teachers will make home visits before school starts and when some special circumstances happen.
64. Personal interview
The kindergarten teacher invited the parents of young children to the kindergarten for an interview. Generally speaking, it is an important way for kindergarten teachers to provide family education guidance by communicating with some problems in children's development.
65. Parents' meeting
It is an important form of collective guidance for kindergarten parents, and it is a form of parental work that brings together the whole kindergarten, the whole class or a certain type of parents in a hurry. Generally speaking, parent-teacher conferences are held regularly.
66. Parent-child activities
Parents are invited to the kindergarten to participate in various activities organized by the kindergarten, which are often held on major holidays.
67. Kindergarten Open Day
It refers to a method of organizing parents to visit kindergarten education activities and analyzing activities with examples to enhance parents' understanding of kindergartens.
68. Parents Committee
An organization established by parents' representatives, as a bridge to communicate with kindergartens, pays attention to children's education. Parent Committee is a bridge to improve communication between kindergarten and parents. The Family Committee is responsible for helping parents understand the plans and requirements of kindergarten work, assisting kindergarten education, timely reflecting parents' suggestions on kindergarten work, and assisting in organizing family education experience exchange.
69. Family contact book
A daily form of parents' work, teachers contact parents who are difficult to meet through written communication, report their children's situation to them and ask for their opinions. Of course, with the development of science and technology, more teachers and parents will use instant messaging software such as WeChat and QQ to communicate.
? ——? What is the common education system in kindergartens? ——
70. Gamification of courses
Integrating kindergarten curriculum into games is to make kindergarten curriculum closer to children's physical and mental development level and learning characteristics, closer to children's lives, and closer to children's interests and needs.
7 1. Scaffolding teaching
A child-centered teaching method aimed at cultivating children's problem-solving ability and autonomous learning ability. This teaching method refers to providing appropriate and small-step clues or hints (scaffolding) for children's learning step by step, so that children can gradually find and solve problems in their learning, master the knowledge they want to learn through these scaffolding, and improve their ability to solve problems.
72. Multiple intelligence theory
One theory holds that there are nine relatively independent intelligences in human intelligence structure, namely, speech-language intelligence, music-rhythm intelligence, logic-mathematics intelligence, vision-space intelligence, body-kinesthetic intelligence, self-knowledge-introspection intelligence, communication-communication intelligence, natural observation intelligence and existence intelligence.
73. Montessori education
A preschool education thought founded by the famous Italian educator Montessori attaches importance to children's physical and mental development characteristics and autonomous learning, and attaches importance to the environment and the role of teachers.
74. Reggio Education
Reggio education is a unique preschool education system in Reggio, Italy, which is characterized by no preset curriculum and objectives, and emphasizes the generation of curriculum and objectives in the interactive process.
75. Program teaching
The specific implementation method of Reggio education is to determine the theme according to children's life experience and interests, and to develop around the theme, and to compile a theme network, so that children can explore the connotation of concepts through their own learning.
76. Waldorf education
Waldorf education is a preschool education system founded by rudolf steiner according to his own anthropological theory. Simply put, it is a kind of holistic education that is people-oriented and pays attention to the comprehensive, healthy and harmonious development of body and mind.
77. High vision route/high width route/high vision.
A pre-school education system in American public pre-school institutions, which takes the activity teaching of planning, action and reflection as the basic organizational form, and the core of its educational concept lies in active participatory learning.
78.STEAM education
Steam represents science,
Technology,
Engineering,
Art,
mathmatics STEAM education is a comprehensive education integrating science, technology, engineering, art and mathematics.
Forest education
A special form of early education for children aged 3-6 is daily activities in the forest, free games and environmental education. No matter what the weather is like, children are always encouraged to play, explore and study in the natural environment. Children are the real masters of forest kindergarten learning.
80. Orff Music Education System
The music education system founded by German music educator Orff emphasizes rhythmic activities and basic music education ideas.
8 1. momentum activity
Orff system is an activity that produces all kinds of rhythmic sounds with simple and primitive body movements.
82.PCK
Teaching content knowledge is a special integration of teachers' personal teaching experience, teachers' subject content knowledge and pedagogy. Including teachers' knowledge of learners, curriculum knowledge, teaching situation knowledge and teaching methods knowledge.
Core experience
Based on the research results of PCK in different fields, it provides guidance for teaching design.
——? Programmatic documents commonly used in kindergartens? ——
84.3-6 years old children's learning and development guide
The Guide describes children's learning and development from five areas: health, language, society, science and art, and puts forward reasonable expectations for what children should know, do and achieve at the end of three age groups: 3-4, 4-5 and 5-6. At the same time, in view of the common puzzles and misunderstandings in preschool education, it provides concrete and operable guidance and suggestions for parents and kindergarten teachers.
85. Kindergarten Education Guide (Implementation)
It is formulated according to the party's educational policy and the Regulations on Kindergarten Work, and it is a guiding document to guide the majority of kindergarten teachers to transform the educational ideas and concepts of the Regulations into educational behaviors.
86. Regulations on Kindergarten Work
In order to strengthen the scientific management of kindergartens, standardize the school-running behavior of kindergartens, improve the quality of conservation education and promote the physical and mental health of children, these measures are formulated in accordance with the Education Law of the People's Republic of China and other laws and regulations.
87. Convention on the Rights of the Child
The first part is a legally binding international agreement on the protection of children's rights.
Write it at the end
After reading these, do you also think that kindergarten teachers are not good? In fact, this is only a small part of the theoretical knowledge of preschool education. A qualified kindergarten teacher should know more and deeper knowledge.
As a kindergarten teacher, we must keep learning and making progress, and keep these professional knowledge in mind. On the one hand, you can show your professionalism when communicating with parents, on the other hand, it is also to help children develop in an all-round and harmonious way!