Natural sciences include basic sciences such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and astronomy and applied sciences such as medicine, agronomy, meteorology and materials science. It is a summary of human practical experience in transforming nature, that is, the experience of production struggle, and its development depends on the development of production. The object of natural science knowledge is the whole nature, that is, various types, states, attributes and motion forms of natural substances.

The two most important pillars of natural science are observation and logical reasoning.

By observing nature and logical reasoning, natural science can guide the laws in nature. If the observed phenomenon is different from the prediction of the law, it is either because the observation is wrong or because the law that has been considered to be correct so far is wrong, and supernatural factors are not considered.

According to the traditional usage, natural science can be understood as biological science (involving biological procedures), and physical science (involving the physical and chemical laws of the universe) can be distinguished from chemical science.