Second, the characteristics of infinitive: (1) has no change in person and number, so it cannot be used as a predicate in a sentence.
(2) infinitives still retain the characteristics of verbs and can have their own objects and adverbials. The infinitive and its object or adverbial can form infinitive phrases, such as: going to read a book; Singing at the party.
(3) The infinitive has the characteristics of nouns, adjectives and adverbs, so it can be used as subject, predicative, object, object complement, attribute and adverbial in a sentence.
Third, the infinitive is the object. That is, the infinitive is directly followed by the predicate verb and is the direct object involved in the predicate verb. Without this infinitive, the meaning of this sentence is difficult to understand. Transitive verbs that can directly take infinitive objects mainly include: want, like, love, need, try, ask, learn, start, forget, remember, hope, wish, agree, choose, fail, refuse, decide, love, offer, confirm, take turns, be willing, plan, hate, try your best and so on.
Verb infinitive as object complement. Verbs that can be used as object complements include: asking, informing, obtaining, ordering, willing, wanting, teaching, showing, allowing, taking risks, warning, hoping, inviting and helping.
Verb (verb's abbreviation) The infinitive is used as an adverbial: that is, the infinitive directly follows the predicate verb and only plays a supplementary role in explaining the predicate verb. Without it, the sentence is still complete in meaning, unlike an object. It is closely related to predicate verbs. (1) Purpose: The doctor will operate on her. He went to town to do some shopping. I sat down to have a rest. He stopped to have a look. He rushed into the room to save the girl. They removed the stones to let the traffic pass. He got up to catch the train.
(2) Show the results: The girl's statement is only to make her mother anxious.
(3) Expression level: She is too tired to walk. She is strong enough to carry this heavy box.
(4) reason: I was surprised to see the news.
Adjectives that can take infinitives as adverbials are: happy, happy, happy, anxious, smart, concerned, surprised, lucky, ready, sorry, amazing, African, sad, unhappy, sure, free, kind, good, worried, easy and difficult.
6. infinitive as an attribute: the infinitive of a verb is usually placed after the modified word, and the infinitive and the modified word form a verb-object relationship. We have a lot of work to do. Would you like something to drink? I want to find something to read during the holiday. That's a difficult question to answer.
Note that if the infinitive is an intransitive verb, there must be a necessary preposition, for example, he is looking for a room to live in. Give me a piece of paper to write on. He has nothing to worry about. There is not enough room to stand on the earth .. She is a good person to work with. Go to a place.
The infinitive of verbs is the subject, for example, it is not easy to learn a foreign language.
In modern English, it is often used as a formal subject, and the real infinitive subject is put behind.
In "It is ++ adjective ++for (of) sb. Do something. " When adjectives are kind, good, good, smart, careful, careless, right, wrong, stupid, etc. Express people's personality characteristics and use them; If adjectives are different, it is easy, difficult, important, interesting, possible, necessary, etc. To express the characteristics of things, use for. It is necessary/important/easy/difficult/possible for us to learn English well. It is very kind of you to help me with my English.
Sentence pattern: subject++discover/think/feel/make +it+ adjective+do something. ※. It is a formal object.
I find it very important to learn English well. I think it is easy to learn English well.
My job is to teach English. His wish is to be a scientist.
9. Verb infinitives are used with interrogative words. Verb infinitives can be used with interrogative words such as what, which, how, when, where, who, etc. An infinitive phrase can be used as subject, object, predicative and other components in a sentence. At this time, it can often be expanded into object clauses; The problem is how to use the computer.
I don't know where to spend my holiday.
He can't decide which book to choose. He can't decide which book he can choose.
I don't know what I should do next.
X. Negative form of infinitive: prototype of not to ++ verb
Tell him not to be late. I will try not to read in bed.
Xi。 When the infinitive ellipsis to: (1) is used as the object complement of verbs, let, make, have, feel, hear, see, watch, notice, etc. The infinitive is not used. Let him do the work. He made me work day and night. I saw him fall off his bike.
(2) When used as the object complement of the verb help, the infinitive can take to or not.
He didn't help me repair my bike. You helped protect our environment.
(3) Auxiliary verbs and some modal verbs such as will, will, shall, should, can, could, May, must, do, does, did, not, does, etc. It is not necessary to use the verb prototype, that is, the infinitive.
Will you help me? He doesn't live here. The odds are that it will rain。 You must finish your homework on time.
(4) Why not ...? It's best to wait. Also take the infinitive without to.
Why not buy a dictionary? You had better (not) stay at home. I'd rather go early.
(5) There is generally no to before the second infinitive. I want to lie down and sleep.
Do you want to eat now or later?
In the following answer, to is unavoidable:-Would you like to go for a walk with me? ※? -I'd love to.
-Will you go swimming with me this afternoon? -I'd love to.
-Did he work in a factory before? -Yes, he was.
Exercise:
1. We must find someone (to do this job).
In my family, my mother is always the first to get up.
3. Do you have any questions?
There are many important things to talk about.
5. This book (not easy to understand)
6. He is too excited (speechless)
7. Do you think he is easy?
You must get him (come here tonight)
9. This is not good (getting up late in the morning)
10. This is a mistake (it doesn't help his English).
1 1.Herwisis (becoming a college student)
12. What I'm worried about is (what was said at the meeting)
13. (Protecting our homeland) is our duty.
14. I opened the door (to let fresh air in)