Dada)-that is, it doesn't matter. The works we need are brave, practical and never understandable. Logic is disordered, morality is always corrupt, and we regard it as the awakening of non-human actions ... Dada believes in nothing, falls in love and works. Dada asked for nothing. Dada is dada. Dada's aversion destroys memory: Dada destroys archaeology: Dada destroys the future: Dada's absolute and indisputable all God, the natural product in front of him. The literary trend of Dadaism has caused a chain reaction in Europe, including Zurich Dada, Dadaism, Dadaism in new york and Dadaism in Germany. Marcel Toussaint is an important representative of Dadaism in Paris and Dadaism in new york.
French painter Basle Toussaint (1887.7 ~1968.10) was born near Blainville, France. He is very talented at school and shows great interest in all kinds of knowledge, especially mathematics. He was born in an artistic family, his grandfather was a painter, and his brothers and sisters were artists. Toussaint showed interest in painting from the age of 15. 1904 went to Julian Academy of Fine Arts in Paris to study painting. In his early days, he mainly imitated the painting styles of Neo-impressionism, Fauvism and Cezanne. From 19 1 1, he came into contact with the experiments of cubism and futurism, and created his early masterpiece "The Naked Woman Down the stairs, No.2" (before that, he drew some pictures of naked women imitating futurism and cubism, and later expressed disappointment and doubt about this form, so he called it No.2).
When Toussaint sent this painting to the 28th Independent Exhibition, it was rejected by the judges, saying that it was a satire on futurism and cubism painting, which was beyond people's tolerance. Later, starting from 19 13, he used the so-called Dada method to show one of his whimsy with mechanical graphics and linear charts, which was called "The Bride Stripped of Singles" (also known as the Big Mirror). This painting is painted in a large glass frame, and there are neither pornographic figures nor specific sexual descriptions, only mechanical drawings with perspective. Before that, Toussaint drew two sketches, one called "The Bachelor Machine" and the other called "The Chocolate Mill". The big mirror is based on these two paintings. Here, the painter takes the abstract horizon as the middle boundary, which is divided into two parts. The lower part is a chocolate mill, which is just a schema: a rectangular wire frame with perspective, connected with the upper rod, with seven conical leaky screens on it, and nine Malik (Toussaint's own vocabulary) models (or steam pipes) on the left, connected with the conical leaky screens. Painters call these objects bachelor men. They do nothing and move freely to show that they have nothing to vent.
The upper part is a figure like a railway signal device, with a cold tone, and some pipeline parts are connected below. This figure symbolizes the depressed bride. And it is more planar than the picture below. Cutting up and down, one is static and the other is dynamic, forming each other's sexy forms. In some paintings and sketches, Toussaint often seeks metaphors of sex machines, including the previous Virgin and the passage from the Virgin to the bride. This glass painting was interpreted by him as a complicated love machine. The roller of the chocolate mill below keeps rolling out refined gas and liquid. This fully exposed the connotation and essence pursued by the painter. At the same time, this painting is also the pinnacle of his painting career. In fact, he ended his painting activities. He wants to express the respiratory, circulatory, digestive and reproductive systems of higher animals in a mechanical and mathematical way, which is meaningless except for the irony of sociology.
From then on, Toussaint used ready-made materials to create, for example, in 19 13, he put the front wheel of an ordinary bicycle on a bench; 19 14 "pharmacy" is a commercial print of a winter landscape, with two medicine bottles added. This kind of artistic creation has a strong playfulness.
He arrived in new york on 19 15. He attracted people's attention because of the spread of news. A poet and collector arranged a studio for him to continue the unfinished bride who was stripped naked by a bachelor. Toussaint painted for more than 8 years, but he still didn't finish it, so 1923 cancelled it.
19 17 years, he wrote a celebrity's name on a urinal and named it "Spring". Since then, his ready-made paintings have become famous. Later, he even had the audacity to add two beards to the photo of Mona Lisa to mock the art of the past. Since 1955 became an American citizen, he has been living a semi-secluded life. But the American art world has repeatedly set off Toussaint fever.
The big mirror was redrawn in America from 19 15, and 1923 has not been finished. Oil painting pigments, lead wire, metal foil powder and varnish on glass are used here. The work was not finished because Toussaint didn't come up with a better rational or logical theme to convey. When these works were exhibited in new york, a layer of dust fell in some places. Toussaint asked someone to take a photo, and then he removed the dust, leaving only a part of the dust on the cone untouched and stuck it with fixed liquid. Later, due to the vibration of the glass during transportation, broken cracks appeared, and many net cracks appeared on it. Toussaint was very satisfied. He said: It's perfect now. Because these cracks provide an unexpected communication channel for the bride and bachelor (see the photo of "big mirror" after the earthquake). This fully reflects the non-artistic tendency of Dada art. This large-scale glass frame painting with a size of 280× 173 cm is now in the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the United States.