The mathematical ability of preschool children includes four aspects: number, quantity, graphic space and logical relationship. Fu Xinyi, a kindergarten teacher attached to the United States in Beijing, said that the overall cognitive ability of preschool children in mathematics learning is actually quite good, such as their singing ability, because of the wide range of learning sources and the concepts related to mathematics given by their parents, that is, the ability to read series continuously. Children in the middle class can sing to 20 or 50 on average. In terms of counting ability, can the big class count to 20? 30, but some students can count to 100!
What are the basic mathematical concepts? (1) number concept: singing, counting, recognizing and writing, one-to-one correspondence (2) quantity concept: how much, size, length, height and weight (3) graphic space concept: basic plane figure, spatial position and pattern composition (4) logical relationship concept: reasoning, classification, part and whole, order, cause and effect.
Good math ability and flexible mind? In mixed-age kindergartens, corner time is the time for each child to show his skills. Some people paint in the art corner, others play roles in the doll's house. Xiao Di, who likes to play with building blocks, is trying to make a large three-dimensional car with a front, wheels and special shapes with magnet building blocks, which makes other children feel real and interesting! Teacher Fu Xinyi said that children like Xiao Di have a strong sense of three-dimensional space and strong observation, and often have distinct thinking ability, reasoning ability and logical judgment ability, which are all important abilities needed in mathematics application.
Good mathematical ability, better logical thinking. When learning mathematics, in addition to arithmetic ability, we must also use the basic ability of observing, thinking, understanding and solving problems in the process of solving problems, and in the process of "trying to find out the answer", we need a proactive attitude to complete it!
Teacher Wu Meixing, who works in Jingmei Primary School and is also a mother, has observed in the teaching field for many years that pupils with good math scores will be more active when facing math problems. In addition, their logical thinking is usually clear. If there is a dispute between students today, students who perform well in mathematics can mostly describe the whole thing because of their good thinking and expression skills. Students with poor math scores can only talk about their grades and suffer more.
Playing middle school and school, the math ability is not "can't count", but "can't understand the topic"? Parent-child picture book time, cultivate mathematical understanding "Before my children go to school, I often take my children to read picture books, both in Chinese and mathematics. I will talk and ask the children. Look at the pictures in the picture book. What do you observe? What's the big discovery? Guide children to know the colors, figures and shapes in the book, and encourage them to tell stories or things they have heard or seen. In the process of primary school teaching, teacher Chen Qingyu observed that many students with poor math scores in the lower grades often don't know how to calculate, but they don't understand the topic. Therefore, she suggested that parents can use picture books to cultivate their children's reading comprehension.
Mathematical ability is not only the calculation of numbers and quantities to encourage children to ask more questions, because they can think, so they can ask good questions. A good question means understanding the story, question or theme. In fact, mathematical ability is not only the calculation of numbers and quantities, but also the comprehensive ability of thinking, understanding, reasoning and logic. Therefore, teacher Chen Qingyu emphasized that picture books can be used to cultivate children's keen observation ability. "Not only can children understand this story, but children can even see many nuances in the picture book that adults can't find at all, and then imagine in their minds and share a story complex that is completely different from the original picture book. Teacher Chen Qingyu said.
In the long-term parent-child reading, children's observation will become more and more acute. Children not only like reading, but also actively learn and think about problems. Teacher Chen Qingyu suggested that for preschool children, parents can also use operational picture books with mathematical concepts at home and read with their babies, which can have a positive impact on the all-round development of mathematical ability.
Mathematics teacher's mother's mathematics enlightenment method! This year, Mr. Wu Meixing's youngest child is in the first grade of primary school. In the near future, he will take the math test organized by China Mathematics Education Association and practice many different types of math problems. But he often says that he always feels that the process of writing problems is like playing games, and finding out the answers is the most fun challenge, and the board game that needs thinking is one of his favorite games after class.
Ms. Wu Meixing, who turns mathematics into a game, makes friends with mathematics, is interested in mathematics, and also participates in the school mathematics community. How does she cultivate her children's excellent mathematics and thinking ability? Teacher Wu Meixing said that she often uses German logical thinking teaching AIDS to let children find the corresponding items through searching and personal operation in the game. The key point is that before using the teaching aid, she will first guide the children how to operate it, and then let them operate it themselves, encouraging them to find answers from the game process. On the one hand, it can train children's concentration, on the other hand, it can also cultivate children's thinking and understanding ability.
Giving children a sense of accomplishment of "I can" requires simple observation and advanced logical thinking ability, so they should be quite focused when looking for answers. Many toys are actually operational teaching AIDS, so parents can choose carefully. When they play with children, children should be encouraged to play in middle schools or schools. Teacher Wu Meixing found that children get a sense of accomplishment of "I can do it" in the process of constantly breaking through, crossing and challenging in the game, and often become more confident and interested in their own abilities in this respect.
Play in middle school, play in study and listen to math! Look! Ask! Play! How to learn math? For children with super absorption like sponges, they can accumulate and cultivate their interest in mathematics through daily life experiences, which will complement their future study. How do they take their children with them and cultivate their mathematical ability happily through listening, watching, asking and playing?
Listen! Sing and dance roll call, accumulate digital memory. Studies have pointed out that babies have already begun to know their mother's voice with their ears in their mother's belly, so learning by listening is a familiar way for children. Teacher Fu Xinyi pointed out that before teaching children basic numbers, they should first listen to a large number of numbering symbols in sequence, that is, 1, 2, 3 in the number of songs. Children will remember that 1 is followed by 2, and 2 is followed by 3, which is helpful for children to count later, and also helps to strengthen the concept of digital phonetic symbols when starting to count.
In teacher Fu Xinyi's kindergarten class, the roll call is an activity that takes place every day. At first, the teacher will teach the children the order of 1 to 30, and then the students will help to call the roll to increase the children's digital memory. In addition, children will be asked to imitate the year, month and day on the drawing paper and read them out loud. Teacher Fu Xinyi also suggested that parents can also use their children's toys and things at home to play roll-call games with their children, so that children can learn from "listening" and gradually accumulate the basic concepts of mathematics.
Teacher Chen Qingyu said that preschool children are actually very sensitive, and things around them in daily life are often what children are most interested in. Some simple rhymes can be repeated or pronounced for children, and it is best to add actions, because children need specific actions to increase their feelings about mathematics, especially the establishment of abstract concepts.
Teacher Wu Meixing also mentioned similar concepts and applications. She used it when she took the children to do gymnastics. "I will teach my children that 1 8 is the next movement, and then repeat the numbers of 1 to 8 to familiarize them with the order. Through the rhythm of the body, children know that jumping 1 is 1, jumping twice is twice, and jumping three times. Teacher Wu Meixing said.
Continuous numbers can also be used in many applications. For example, if you brush your baby's teeth, you can count from 1 to 10, and then brush the other side. This action can let the child know how long it will take from 1 to 10. When the child knows how long it will take, he is usually more willing to wait. After children become more and more familiar with numbers, they can slowly increase the numbers, encourage them to "do it for how long" and increase the fun of learning and waiting.
Play middle school and study, improve parents' mathematics life education and cultivate mathematics self-confidence. Before children enter kindergarten, family education can have a lot of room to play. After all, time at school is limited, and sometimes it is more efficient to study in a planned way at home than to sit in a seat and listen to the teacher. Teacher Fu Xinyi said, don't think children are too young to understand. Auditory learning is the most primitive and natural way. Many parents have said or taught things at home. When children come to kindergarten and hear what the teacher says, they often feel "I've heard of it" or "I know it". It is a review action for children to learn mathematics. Such children are usually more efficient and confident in their studies.
Look! Seeing with eyes can enhance the visual memory of mathematics. Numbers are everywhere, and buses are teaching AIDS. Teacher Fu Xinyi said that parents take their children out to travel, and there will be many natural teaching materials everywhere during the trip. For example, when children begin to be interested in numbers, parents take their children to wait for the bus, and when they see the car number, they can tell them what number it is. When the shape and sound of mathematics can match, he will begin to recognize digital symbols, and there is no pressure on children's study in life.
Three-year-olds have the ability to distinguish colors and shapes. The basic figures, length, size, orientation and time in mathematics are always around us, so parents can always seize the opportunity to have an interesting situational education. Teacher Chen Qingyu mentioned that after entering primary one, children will encounter graphics, such as triangles and circles. After middle school, graphics will begin to become three-dimensional objects, but in fact, these are pre-school and can be taught to distinguish. Children around 3 years old already have a good understanding of colors and patterns. When parents say to take red, big, small or different shapes of objects, most children can tell them apart.
Use the timer well and establish the concept of time. Teacher Wu Meixing also uses the reflection of objects and things around her in daily life to teach children to learn. For example, when children are asked to finish playing time, they will be told to pack their toys with three minutes left. Every child has his own timer, and it will beep! Beep! Hey! " , the timer will display the current time. In addition, let children get in touch with clocks early, start to know from the hour to half an hour, and gradually establish their own time concept.
Play middle school, study and math! How to "play" math? The child is in surgery. Through the physical operation of items, children can accumulate more mathematical concepts such as logarithm and quantity, such as sorting items, matching calculation, or games in which the whole family participates, which can teach children the specific meaning of competition, taking turns, procedures and scores, and is of great help to children's mathematics learning.
Reward table, let children learn to count and measure. "Stamp points, well done will give points. Children can count their own points. When children are young, they will first line up with ten squares, and show them the amount. The prize is 50 points to decide where to have dinner, 100 points to decide where to play ... ". Teacher Wu Meixing said that using the reward table will make children very motivated. Use the amount of knowledge they see before counting. On the other hand, children can also learn to wait and endure in the process of accumulating points.
Divide candy equally and enhance the concept of multiplication and division. Teacher Chen Qingyu shared it. When the child was young, she took out candy and let the child give it to her mother and herself. At that time, the child thought about it, started to share it with you and me, and then asked if it was for his father. The child used the method of equal division again. In fact, this is the multiplication and division method in primary schools. Through the operation of equal division, the concept can be understood quickly. The experience of playing as a child, after constant practice and repetition, may be linked when the teacher teaches mathematics.
Creative play with building blocks in different ways "Mom often teaches children to use hand index, but in kindergarten, we will use physical building blocks to increase the variety, such as taking 2 red, 2 yellow and 2 blue. Ask the children how many, and the answer is six. Then 6 can be divided into 1 and 5, 2 and 4, 3 and 3, etc. Let children know the number 6 better. Teacher Fu Xinyi also mentioned that playing the game of buying and selling wine at home is also a game that children like very much. Such games can add a lot of fun to addition and subtraction.
Play in middle school, play in school and learn math. UP children's mathematics enlightenment NG practice! NG 1: Forced feeding destroys the appetite for learning. Most preschool children are still playing middle school, but anxious parents want their children to learn to add, subtract, multiply and divide before going to school, or let them write numbers and force them to learn. In addition, in the process of learning, because children are unfamiliar and don't understand, parents will get angry and reprimand loudly, which will make children feel stressed or denied in the process of learning, but will make them lose their appetite for learning mathematics.
NG2: A negative answer will kill the thinking ability. When a child asks a question, never say, "How did this happen? Don't give dogmatic answers or overly serious answers, such as "that's it" and "asking so many questions". When an adult gives a negative answer, the child will feel uncomfortable asking questions or feel that he has done something wrong, and will shut up and wait for the adult's answer; When children are afraid to ask questions, they will reduce their willingness to think and become more dependent on adults for learning.
NG3: Children who don't allow themselves to do things, have no logical concept of over-protection, and don't do housework usually have poor self-care ability and have no sense of order. Teacher Fu Xinyi said: "It is very hard for such children to go to kindergarten. For example, they can't clean themselves up after eating, don't know how to queue up, do things out of order, learn passively and lack logical thinking ability. 」
Fu Xinyi's current position: teacher experience: Master of Institute of Early Childhood Education, National Chengchi University, Bachelor of Early Childhood and Family Education Department, National Taipei University of Education, teacher of primary school attached to the United States for 5 years.
Chen Qingyu's current position: teacher experience in Beijing American primary school: teaching experience in Beijing American primary school is 2 1 year.
Present position: Jing American primary school teacher Education: Shixin University, major in primary education. Experience: private Zhongshan primary school teacher experience 10 years, Jingmei primary school teacher experience 2 years.