The knowledge point of the general math test in Grade One is 1. Rational number:
(1) Any number that can be written in form is a rational number. Positive integers, 0 and negative integers are collectively referred to as integers. Positive and negative scores are collectively called scores; Integers and fractions are collectively called rational numbers. Note: 0 is neither positive nor negative; -a is not necessarily negative, and +a is not necessarily positive; Not a rational number;
2. Number axis: The number axis is a straight line that defines the origin, positive direction and unit length.
3. The opposite number:
(1) There are only two numbers with different signs, and we say that one of them is opposite to the other; The antonym of 0 is still 0;
(2) The sum of enantiomers is 0a+b=0a, and B is the enantiomer.
4. Absolute value:
(1) The absolute value of a positive number is itself, the absolute value of 0 is 0, and the absolute value of a negative number is its inverse; Note: the absolute value means the distance between the point representing a number on the number axis and the origin;
(2) The absolute value can be expressed as: or; The problem of absolute value is often discussed in categories;
5. Rational number ratio: (1) The greater the absolute value of a positive number, the greater the number; (2) Positive numbers are always greater than 0 and negative numbers are always less than 0; (3) Positive numbers are greater than all negative numbers; (4) The absolute values of two negative numbers are larger than the size, but smaller; (5) Of the two numbers on the number axis, the number on the right is always greater than the number on the left; (6) large number-decimal number > 0, decimal number-large number < 0.
6. Reciprocal: Two numbers whose product is 1 are reciprocal; Note: 0 has no reciprocal; If a≠0, the reciprocal is; If ab= 1a and b are reciprocal; If ab=- 1a and b are negative reciprocal.
7. The rational number addition rule:
(1) Add two numbers with the same symbol, take the same symbol, and add the absolute values;
(2) Add two numbers with different symbols, take the symbol with larger absolute value, and subtract the one with smaller absolute value from the one with larger absolute value;
(3) Adding a number to 0 still gets this number.
8. Arithmetic of rational number addition:
The commutative law of (1) addition: a+b = b+a; (2) The associative law of addition: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c).
9. Rational number subtraction rule: subtracting a number is equal to adding the reciprocal of this number; That is, a-b=a+(-b).
10. rational number multiplication rule:
(1) Multiply two numbers, the same sign is positive, the different sign is negative, and the absolute value is multiplied;
(2) Multiply any number by zero to get zero;
(3) When several numbers are multiplied, one factor is zero and the product is zero; Each factor is not zero, and the sign of the product is determined by the number of negative factors.
1 1. Arithmetic of rational number multiplication:
(1) The commutative law of multiplication: AB = BA(2) The associative law of multiplication: (AB) C = A (BC);
(3) Distribution law of multiplication: a(b+c)=ab+ac.
12. rational number division rule: dividing by a number is equal to multiplying the reciprocal of this number; Note: Zero cannot be divisible.
13. Power Law of Rational Numbers:
(1) Any power of a positive number is a positive number;
(2) The odd power of a negative number is a negative number; Even the power of negative numbers is positive; Note: When n is positive odd number: (-a)n=-an or (a-b)n=-(b-a)n, when n is positive even number: (-a)n=an or (a-b) n = (b-a) n. 。
14. Definition of power:
(1) The operation of seeking common ground factor product is called power;
(2) In power, the same factor is called base, the number of the same factor is called exponent, and the result of power is called power;
15. Scientific notation: Write numbers greater than 10 in the form of a× 10n, where a is a number with only one integer digit. This notation is called scientific notation.
16. Approximation precision: a divisor rounded to that bit, that is, the divisor is accurate to that bit.
17. Significant digits: All digits from the first non-zero digit on the left to the exact digit are called significant digits of this approximation.
18. Mixed algorithm: multiply first, multiply then divide, and finally add and subtract.
Mathematical formula table (1) Rectangular area = length × width, and calculation formula S = A B.
(2) Square area = side length × side length, and the calculation formula is s = a× a.
(3) The circumference of a rectangle is (length+width) × 2, and the calculation formula is s=(a+b)× 2.
(4) Square perimeter = side length × 4, and the calculation formula is s= 4a i.
(5) The area of a parallelogram = bottom× height, and the calculation formula is s = a h. 。
(6) Triangle area = base × height ÷2, and the calculation formula is s=a×h÷2.
(7) Trapezoidal area = (upper bottom+lower bottom) × height ÷2, and the calculation formula is s=(a+b)×h÷2.
(8) cuboid volume = length× width× height, and the calculation formula is v=a bh.
(9) The area of a circle = π× radius square, and the calculation formula is s=лr2.
(10) cube volume = side length × side length× side length, and the calculation formula is v=a3.
The above are some commonly used mathematical calculation related information for your reference.