y(x，t)=A*sin(ωx+φ)

Where y(x, t) is the wave function, indicating the amplitude of the wave at time t and position x, and A is the amplitude, indicating the maximum height of the wave. ω is the angular frequency, indicating the frequency of the wave. φ is the initial phase, indicating the starting position of the wave.

The formula is based on the results of Fourier analysis, which decomposes complex waveforms into a series of simple sine and cosine waves. These simple waves are called harmonics.

In this formula, sin and cos are sine and cosine functions and periodic functions, which can represent periodic phenomena. The value of sin function varies between-1 and 1, and the value of cos function varies between-1 and 1. The period of these two functions is 2π.

The angular frequency ω is a dimensionless quantity, which is equal to 2π divided by the wavelength. Wavelength is the length of a wave period, that is, the distance from one peak to the next or from one trough to the next. The greater the angular frequency, the higher the frequency of the wave.

The initial phase φ is an angle, which determines the starting position of the wave. When time t=0, the position of the wave is the position of the initial phase.

The amplitude a determines the maximum height of the wave. If A= 1, then the height of the wave is the largest; If A 1, then the wave height will be greater than the maximum.

This formula can be used to describe any simple harmonic, including sound waves, water waves, light waves and so on. It is a basic tool in physics, engineering, electronics and other fields.