Types of punctuation marks:

1, point

The role of the dot is to break, mainly indicating pause and tone. Divided into points at the end of the sentence and points in the sentence.

Punctuation at the end of a sentence: used at the end of a sentence to indicate the pause at the end of the sentence and the tone of the sentence. Including periods, question marks and exclamation points.

Intra-sentence point: used in sentences to indicate various pauses in sentences. Include commas, periods, semicolons and colons.

Step 2 label

The function of labels is to show, mainly to show the specific properties and functions of some components (mainly words). Include quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipsis, bullets, hyphens, separators, book titles, proper names and separators.

Definition, form and usage of punctuation;

I. Period

A point at the end of a sentence, which mainly indicates the declarative mood of the sentence. The form is "."

1, used at the end of a sentence, indicates a declarative tone. The use of a period is mainly based on the big pause before and after the paragraph, with a declarative tone and intonation, independent of the length of the sentence.

Example 1: Beijing is the capital of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Shall we go there on foot? ) b: ok.

2. Sometimes, it can also express gentle imperative mood and sigh tone.

A moment, please.

I can't help feeling that these ordinary workers are equally worthy of respect.

Second, the question mark

A point at the end of a sentence, which mainly indicates the interrogative mood of the sentence. The form is "?" .

1, used at the end of a sentence, indicates interrogative mood (including rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions). The use of question marks is mainly based on the pause, interrogative tone and intonation before and after the paragraph, not on the length of the sentence.

Why don't you go home?

Ex. 2: Aren't these ordinary soldiers worthy of praise?

A foreigner came to China not far from Wan Li to help War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China. ) What spirit is this? This is the spirit of internationalism.

2. In multiple-choice questions, there is usually only one question mark at the end of the last option, and the options are generally separated by commas. When the options are short and there is almost no pause between options, there is no need to use commas between options. When there are many or long options, or the independence of each option is intentionally highlighted, you can also add a question mark after each option.

Example 1: Is the war described in the poem a true historical description or a poet's fiction?

Example 2: Is this a coincidence or an intentional arrangement?

Example 3: What kind of ending do you want: realistic? Tradition Are you happy? Ridiculous? Ethnic form? Symbolic?

He read my work and praised me. But what is it that praises me: how many good paintings are there? Or dare to draw anything? Or is it just a helpless comfort to the losers? I don't know.

Ex. 5: All this is caused by objective conditions? Or is it caused by behavioral inertia?

3. When multiple questions are used together or the tone of the question is aggravated, the question mark can be used repeatedly. Usually, it should be used alone first and then reused. At most, three question marks can be reused. Question marks should not be used repeatedly when there is no need for unusually strong emotional expression.

Example: Did you make this? How to become a general manager? How dare you cheat consumers like this?

4. Question marks and labels are used to express doubts or unknowns in sentences.

Show off; Ma Zhiyuan (1250? -132 1), most people in the yuan dynasty, dramatists and essayists.

Example 2: Zhong Rong (? ——5 18), a native of Yingchuan Changshe, a literary critic of Nanliang.

Example 3: The occurrence of such a textual error indicates that the author (editor? School? ) it's not serious.

Third, the exclamation point

A point at the end of a sentence, which mainly indicates the exclamatory mood of the sentence. The form is "!" .

1, used at the end of a sentence, mainly expresses an exclamation tone, and sometimes it can also express a strong imperative mood and rhetorical tone. The use of exclamation marks is mainly based on the large pause before and after the paragraph, with exclamatory tone and intonation, or with strong imperative mood, rhetorical tone and intonation, and does not depend on the length of the sentence.

1: I haven't seen you for a year. Children have grown so tall!

Example 2: Shut up!

Ex. 3: Who knows what happened to him today!

2. After being used in onomatopoeia, it means that the sound is short or sudden.

Example 1: Click! A flash of lightning pierced the night sky.

Example 2: Boom! Knock, knock. Suddenly there was a quick knock at the door.

3. When the voice is loud or loud, the exclamation point can be used repeatedly; When the expression tone is heavy, you can also use an exclamation point, with a maximum of three sighs ... When you don't need unusually strong emotional expression, you should not use an exclamation point.

Example 1: boom! ! In the sound of the sky falling, Nu Wa suddenly woke up.

Example 2: I want to expose! I want to sue! ! I will fight to the death! ! !

4. When the sentence contains both interrogative tone and exclamatory tone (such as rhetorical questions with strong feelings and interrogative sentences with stunned tone), you can add an exclamation mark (one question mark and one exclamation mark each) after the question mark.

Example (1): Can such a little difficulty scare us? !

Ex. 2: He doesn't even know these basic knowledge, and he dares to call himself a high-tech talent? !

Fourth, comma.

A point in a sentence that indicates a general pause in a sentence or paragraph. The form is ",".

1, pauses between clauses in complex sentences are usually commas, except sometimes semicolons (see P4 6 1).

It is not human consciousness that determines human existence, but human social existence that determines human consciousness.

Example 2: Learning history makes people smarter, learning literature makes people smarter, learning mathematics makes people more refined, and learning archaeology makes people more profound.

Ex. 3: If we don't believe that our theory can reflect the reality, and if we don't believe that there is internal harmony in our world, there can be no science.

2. Used in the following grammatical positions:

A) after a longer subject.

The exquisite design and carving skills of various doors and windows in Suzhou garden buildings are amazing.

B) after the adverbial at the beginning of the sentence.

Ex. 2: On the vast sea, strong winds gather dark clouds.

C) In front of longer objects.

Some archaeologists believe that Australopithecus lived in the early and middle period from Pliocene to Pleistocene.

D) After the subject (or other components) of modal particles in the sentence, or between the coordinate components with modal particles in the sentence.

As for him, he is very happy and absorbed in his work.

This is a moonless night. But the whole village-white roofs, white trees and snowdrifts-can be seen.

E) the middle part of a longer subject, predicate or object.

Ex. 6: My mother's painful story and the facts I saw with my own eyes inspired me to pursue the truth in my childhood.

The girl wears a straw hat, a green skirt and an orange belt around her waist.

Ex. 8: It must be understood that cultural traditions can neither be completely abandoned nor completely inherited regardless of the essence and dross.

F) After the preposition predicate or before the postadverbial or attribute.

Ex. 9: This winding forest path is really beautiful.

She stood up slowly and painfully.

I'm just a person, lonely.

3. Used for the following pauses:

A) Before and after composite finger parts or insertion parts.

Lao Zhang, the former office director, was transferred last week.

Ex. 2: Cars, needless to say, are first-class.

B) After exclamation, title or address.

Example 3: Oh, come on, rub it for me quickly.

Example 4: Auntie, where are you going?

Example 5: Hello, which unit are you from?

C) After some word order words (prefix "ground", prefix "qi" and "first" word order words).

Ex 6: Why do many people feel that they have not grown up? There are three reasons: first, parents always think they are more mature than their children; Second, parents should always use their own standards to measure their children; Third, parents always don't want their children to take detours in the process of growing up, out of love.

Example 7: The reason why the Xuanta Monument became a model of calligraphy is due to the following factors: First, it has a model of regular script stippling and structure; Secondly, connecting the preceding with the following becomes the ultimate of Tang Kai; Thirdly, words are like people, and lovers are like words. Liu Gongquan's bookish spirit and character are admired by future generations.

Example 8: Let's talk about language pollution from three aspects: 1. Language pollution in special language environment; Secondly, it is the language pollution caused by the abuse of abbreviations; Thirdly, it is the language pollution caused by empty talk and nonsense.

Fifth, pause.

A point in a sentence that indicates a pause between coordinate words or after some ordinal numbers in a paragraph. The form is ",".

1, used between coordinate words.

Example 1: There is an atmosphere and ethos of freedom, democracy, equality and openness here.

Example 2: Scientific modeling, exquisite skills and vivid charm are the characteristics of stone carving in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

2. Used between repeated words that need to be paused.

He argued again and again.

3. Used after some word order words (Chinese numerals without brackets or "heavenly stems and earthly branches" word order words).

Example 1: I want to talk about two issues: 1. What is logic? Second, how to learn logic well?

Example 2: The specific content of style mainly includes the following four points: a, theme; Second, use words; Third, expression; D, color.

4. Adjacent or similar numbers are put together to represent approximate numbers, usually without pause. If two adjacent numbers are abbreviated, pause should be used.

Example ①: When the plane flies horizontally at an altitude of 6000m, it can only see the ground within 89km on both sides and in front of 10 to 20km.

Ex. 2: This fierce animal often goes out for food and activities in small groups.

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, as well as the secondary and tertiary industries.

There is usually no pause between the juxtaposed components marked with quotation marks and between the juxtaposed components marked with book titles. If other elements are inserted between parallel quotation marks or between parallel book titles (such as quotations or book titles followed by enclosed notes), pause should be used.

Example 1: "Day" and "Moon" form the word "Ming".

EXAMPLE 2: Banners such as "Customer is God" and "Quality is Life" are hung in the shop.

A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West and Water Margin are the four classics of China's novels.

Example 4: Li Bai's Three Thousand White Hair (Song of Autumn Pu) and Snow at Night (Into the Wine) are both well-known poems.

There are People's Daily (Overseas Edition), Guangming Daily and Times Weekly in the office.