According to the age and intellectual development level of primary school students, their cognitive level basically stays in the perceptual stage, and they have not fully formed the ability to systematically analyze, process and summarize memory materials, and have not yet formed or fully formed a cognitive structure suitable for meaningful memory in psychological mechanism. In order to cope with the exam, they are forced to adopt the method of memorizing concepts mainly by rote, which is in the transitional period from mechanical memory to meaningful memory.
2. Thinking characteristics
Pupils are active in thinking and dare to expose their thinking process and results. Their understanding of abstract new concepts basically depends on perceptual and intuitive materials, and their judgments are often concrete and one-sided, but on the whole, their thinking is in a period of transition from concrete thinking to abstract thinking.
Pay attention to personality
In the lively and interesting class, when arguing attractive questions, students feel that time passes quickly, which shows that they have paid attention to it intentionally, that is, after the beginning of thinking activities, they no longer need the will to work hard, are free from external interference, can think positively, and have developed into a period of intentional attention. Of course, primary school students' thinking is active and persistent, that is, their listening is intermittent, and the intermittent attention of students is easily affected by emotions and easily diverted by personal interests. This shows that students' intentional attention is in an unstable state, and also tells us to take various forms and methods to attract students' attention in teaching.
4. Language features
Although the life language of primary school students is rich, their mathematics language is not, especially their random and one-sided thinking will lead to inaccurate and unscientific language expression, which will affect their understanding and mastery of concepts.