Neumann (1903~ 1957) is a Hungarian-born American mathematician and a member of the American Academy of Sciences.
Neumann was born in the family of a Jewish banker, and he was a rare child prodigy. He mastered calculus at the age of 8, and read function theory at the age of 12. On his growing up, there is an interesting story: in the summer of 19 13, Mr. Max, a banker, gave a revelation that he was willing to hire a tutor for his eldest son Neumann, who was 1 1 years old, and his salary was 10 times that of ordinary teachers. Although this seductive revelation made many people feel heartbroken, no one dared to teach such a well-known child prodigy ... After he received his Ph.D. in physics-mathematics at the age of 2 1, he began multidisciplinary research, first mathematics, mechanics, physics, then economics, meteorology, then atomic bomb engineering, and finally, he devoted himself to the research of electronic computers. All these make him a complete scientific generalist. His main achievement is mathematical research. He has made great contributions to many branches of higher mathematics, and the most outstanding work is to open up a new branch of mathematics-game theory. 1944 published his excellent book Game Theory and Economic Behavior. During the Second World War, he made an important contribution to the development of the first atomic bomb. After the war, he used his mathematical ability to guide the manufacture of large electronic computers and was known as the father of electronic computers.
Gauss (1777 ~ 1855)
Gauss is a German mathematician, physicist and astronomer, and a member of the Royal Society.
Gauss is the son of a farmer. When he was young, he showed extraordinary talent in mathematics. 3 years old can correct the mistakes in father's calculation; 10 years old, independently found the sum formula of arithmetic sequence; The binomial theorem was discovered in 1 1 year. Young Gauss's intelligence and early wisdom were favored and funded by the prestigious Duke Brick, enabling him to continue his studies. 19-year-old Gauss invented the method of making regular 17 polygons with only compasses and rulers, and solved the geometric problems that have been unresolved for two thousand years. 180 1 published "Arithmetic Research", which expounded some problems of number theory and higher algebra. He has made great contributions to hypergeometric series, complex variable function, statistical mathematics and elliptic function theory. As a physicist, he cooperated with wilhelm weber to study electromagnetism and invented the electrode. In order to carry out experiments, Gauss also invented the double-wire magnetometer, which is a very practical achievement of his research on electromagnetism. At the age of 30, Gauss served as the director of the observatory of a famous German university, and worked in the observatory until his death. He also likes literature and linguistics all his life and knows more than a dozen foreign languages. In his life, he published 323 works, put forward 404 scientific ideas and completed four important inventions.
After Gauss died, a statue of him was erected in the city where he was born. To commemorate his discovery of the method of making 17 polygon, the base of the statue was modified to 17 polygon. It is universally acknowledged that he is a mathematician on par with Newton, Archimedes and Euler.
Euler (1707 ~ 1783)
Euler, Swiss mathematician, member of the Royal Society.
Euler was fascinated by mathematics since he was a child, and he was an out-and-out mathematical genius. /kloc-became a student of a prestigious Basel school at the age of 0/3,/kloc-obtained a master's degree at the age of 0/6, and was promoted to a professor at the age of 23. 1727 was invited to work in the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, Russia. Overwork blinded him. However, this did not affect his work. Euler has an amazing memory. Hydrogen theory 177 1 a fire in St. Petersburg reduced his large collection of books and manuscripts to ashes. With his amazing memory, he dictated and published more than 400 papers and many works. Euler, a mathematical superstar in18th century, has made great contributions in the fields of calculus, differential equations, geometry, number theory, variational science and so on, thus establishing the position of the founder of variational method and the pioneer of complex variable function. At the same time, he is also an excellent popular science writer, and his popular science books have been reprinted for 90 years. Euler is the most prolific mathematician ever. It is said that his precious cultural heritage was enough for all the printing presses in St. Petersburg to be busy for several years at the same time.
As one of the four mathematicians who have made the greatest contribution to mathematics in history (the other three are Archimedes, Newton and Gauss), Euler is known as "Shakespeare in mathematics".
Archimedes (about 287 ~ 2 BC12 BC)
-Greek physicist and mathematician.
Archimedes' father was an astronomer and mathematician. He received a good education since he was a child and especially loved mathematics. Once, the king asked him to determine whether the crown just made by the goldsmith was pure gold or mixed silver, and warned him not to destroy the crown. At first, Archimedes was at a loss. Until one day, he soaked in a big basin full of bath water, and the volume of spilled water was equal to the volume of his body immersed in water. Then, if the crown is immersed in water, according to the rise of the water surface, the volume of the crown is equal to the volume of equal weight gold, which means that the crown is pure gold; If mixed with silver, the crown will be bigger. He jumped out of the bathtub excitedly and ran to the palace naked, shouting, "I found it!" " I found it! "He invented the principle of buoyancy. In addition, he also discovered the famous lever principle. Along with this invention, a well-known famous saying came into being: "Just give me a fulcrum and I will move the earth. "
In his later years, Archimedes' motherland was at war with Rome. When the city where he lived was looted, Archimedes also devoted himself to studying the geometric figures he drew in the sand. Cruel Roman soldiers stabbed a 75-year-old man to death, and great scientists threw themselves on blood-stained geometric figures. ...
After Archimedes' death, people compiled and published The Complete Works of Archimedes' Legacy, in order to remember the great achievements of this great scientist forever.