Due to the impact of the economic tide and the influence of some farmers' small-scale farmers' consciousness, some rural students are not enthusiastic about learning mathematics and are even less interested in learning mathematics because of the influence of their families and society. It is particularly important to explore how to improve the quality of mathematics teaching in rural middle schools. With the change of parents' and students' ideas and teachers' teaching behavior, we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' interest in learning, strengthen emotional education, reform teaching methods and guide students' learning methods. Students' learning behavior changes, autonomous learning, group cooperation and exchange learning, and inquiry learning. It is necessary to cultivate students' learning will and make them form good study habits. At present, the world is in the period of educational innovation, and China's middle school education is changing from traditional education based on knowledge to quality education based on people. Based on the difference of middle school students' math scores between urban and rural areas, this paper quantifies the teaching-related factors, uses the statistical software Spss 17.0 to make statistics and test the data, and comprehensively and deeply studies and analyzes the correlation among the environment, teaching materials, teachers, students, parents and other factors in the teaching process. This paper explores the reasons that restrict the rapid and balanced development of mathematics education, and tries to control or adjust the relevant factors, so as to provide students with high-quality and efficient education and truly pursue the fairness of the educational process and results. The only way for the reform of basic mathematics education, which has attracted much attention, is to improve the quality of mathematics teaching. Therefore, the research on the present situation of mathematics teaching in middle schools is of far-reaching significance and has a certain guiding role in the development of mathematics education.

The factors affecting middle school students' mathematics learning should be paid attention to by educators, and corresponding countermeasures should be taken: first, respect students' personality differences and meet diverse learning needs; Second, the education department should strengthen supervision and guidance to provide students with a good school environment; Thirdly, teachers should innovate teaching design to really reduce students' learning pressure; To strengthen the cultivation of students' autonomous learning ability, the fourth is to stimulate students' learning motivation; Fifth, harmonious and interactive teacher-student relationship can promote students to enjoy learning and learning.

To sum up, mathematics education is an important part of basic education reform. Adhering to the people-oriented educational concept and paying attention to the all-round development of students' quality education are increasingly advocated by educators and parents of students, and educational reform will inevitably attract widespread attention from all walks of life. The only way to succeed in the reform of basic mathematics education, which has attracted much attention, is to improve the quality of mathematics teaching. Therefore, the research on the present situation of mathematics teaching in middle schools is of far-reaching significance, which has certain guidance and practical significance for the development of mathematics education.