Physics can be said to be one of the most difficult subjects for many students. Is it "understanding" or "fog"? This answer depends not only on the understanding of natural phenomena, but also on the correct learning methods. The wrong method not only fails to feel the beauty of physics, but also regards physics as a kind of fear.

After several years of teaching experience, I list some common mistakes made by students for future learners' reference, hoping that everyone can learn from them.

1. Physics is not a combination of a bunch of formulas: because our basic education does not pay much attention to the study of "concepts", many students mistakenly think that science is the answer obtained by substituting a bunch of formulas, which leads students to think that as long as they practice various questions more seriously, they can get high marks; Even if such an idea has achieved good results in various exams, it has not really learned scientific attitudes and methods, which will not only help but hinder the study of higher education (universities and research institutes) in the future.

2. Physics is more than just calculating a few more questions: some hard-working students spend amazing time in physics, but they are just practicing a few more questions, which is caused by the research-based learning style in the past, but it also stifles students' thinking space. As long as the concept is complete enough, it is more useful to calculate ten questions than one hundred.

3. Physics is not a science: physics has a long history of development, and some important figures have appeared at least in the last four or five hundred years. These scientists can never get physical laws and formulas out of thin air. Any theorem and law must have its origin, but few students are willing to take the time to deeply understand these development histories, so for most students, the correlation between physics chapters is not great, and it seems that it doesn't matter to study independently, so when we ask,

4. Physics is not a developed subject: some students regard physics textbooks as the Bible, thinking that if they learn these well, they will be admitted to the university and then find an ideal job; In fact, physics in senior three is barely used in general physics in freshman year, but it is useless in senior subjects (whether science or engineering); Therefore, reading more extracurricular books or searching some related information on the Internet can get a lot of updated information, which is not only interesting, but also interesting to know the latest scientific and technological development, and can also make some plans for future career development. Why not?

5. Physics doesn't just depend on mathematics: of course, there must be some basic mathematical foundations for learning high school physics, but the mathematics used is usually not difficult. After all, mathematics is the mother of all sciences, but physics is the mother of natural sciences; Some students think that they can't learn physics well because they don't do well in math. Such preconceived ideas will lead to fear of things, and of course you can't learn physics well.

6. Physics must not rely on reference books: there are many reference books on the market, most of which sort out physical concepts, so that students can enter the problem-solving process simply by looking at them. This kind of thinking logic is also developed from the concept of quick success and instant benefit in Taiwan Province Province. No wonder the basic physics education in Taiwan Province Province can't be improved.

7. Physics is not a question bank in the brain: it is a common problem when learning all natural subjects. When some students see a topic, they first think about whether there is a similar topic in the past, and then substitute it into the formula to solve it. I don't know that although there are only a few concepts in physics, the types that can be asked are of course varied because of the myriad changes in nature. To apply computer language, it is better to put in important concepts than to save all the topics on the hard disk (HD) and then search.

I talked about some negative physics learning methods, and then I made some suggestions for my classmates to learn physics. This is my conclusion based on my personal learning and teaching experience for your reference:

1. textbook intensive reading: some teachers will use reference books or handouts in class, because it is simple and efficient to start classes, and students don't have to spend time sorting out key points. As a result, students don't like reading textbooks, and even think reading textbooks is a waste of time; However, textbooks are the most important materials for students to learn by themselves. The author of the textbook (all versions are the same) has spent a lot of effort on concept description, which is of great help to students from preview, listening to lectures and reviewing. In order to reduce the dependence on teachers, students are advised to read the descriptions in textbooks in detail, learn to mark and sort out the key points by themselves, and do exercises well without looking at the answers. This effect is far more useful than spending money on handouts and reference books.

2. Read relevant extracurricular materials: due to space limitations, there is no way to describe the development process of each concept in detail. At this time, reading extracurricular materials can reinforce the weakness of this part; In addition, many new developments in physics are now progressive. From these latest applications of science and technology, students can understand the usefulness of learning physics, enhance their interest in things, and even go beyond the scope of their current study and start some small research projects, which can not only enhance their own strength, but also participate in various competitions or exhibitions, which is absolutely helpful for their future study. If you look further, it can also provide a good reference for future career planning.

3. Memorize and understand the true meaning of concepts: In the process of physics learning, the most important things are often those simple definitions and laws. For students, most of them feel boring, because it seems unrealistic to see the numbers. For example, how many students can really say the definitions and differences of speed, average speed and instantaneous speed? The vast majority of students will only answer: "distance divided by time is speed", and this concept still stays at the primary school level; Another example: How many students can describe Newton's three laws of motion in detail? What is momentum? Why is momentum conservation? These basic concepts of dynamics affect the whole learning process of mechanics. Instead of memorizing some formulas and questions, we should internalize these concepts into our own basic knowledge. As the martial arts novels say, when martial arts are practiced to a high level, there are usually no tricks to win.

4. Ask the teacher more: After the above description, it seems that physics can be taught by itself. This is a wrong idea, because there are often times when you are self-righteous in the process of learning. Remember, no book is a Bible. After reading the narrative of each book, you must keep a skeptical vigilance. It is not necessarily that the narrative in the book is wrong, but that there is something wrong with our own understanding. So this kind of mistake may be prevented by discussing with the teacher; In addition, you can get more relevant information through the teacher's advice, so I strongly recommend that high schools use the "tutorial system" of graduate schools, so that you can learn complete knowledge through more in-depth discussion and continue to study by yourself after leaving school.

5. Help students answer questions: the so-called "teaching is learning from each other". When we discuss problems with our classmates, we can often find the crux of the problem, and when we help others answer questions, we can really know whether we really understand thoroughly; Furthermore, you can also train your expression ability when explaining to your classmates, which is extremely lacking in the current education and training in Taiwan Province Province. It is either incomplete or unsatisfactory; Look at some masters in western countries. They can express complex ideas in simple sentences, so it is easy for listeners or readers to understand. On the other hand, teachers in Taiwan Province Province often ignore students' absorptive capacity. Anyway, learning is your responsibility. How can this kind of education bring students into the hall of knowledge?

6. Do your own rough sorting: Because many students like fragmented reading, it is difficult to have coherent thinking. I suggest that students can close the book after reading a chapter in detail, sort out some key points by themselves, and then open the book to see if there are any missing parts, which are usually the most forgotten places; When reading large paragraphs (such as the whole mechanics, electromagnetism, etc.). ), once again, make the overall arrangement by yourself, just like a blind man touching an elephant. Sometimes we are too close to see the whole picture, but jumping into the distance can better understand the real meaning; In addition, there is another advantage of sorting by yourself, that is, learning to take notes will definitely help the learning effect in colleges and universities in the future.

Then, before students learn physics, we should avoid falling into the situation of blind people touching the elephant. The teacher is obliged to introduce the whole picture of the elephant to the students first, and then introduce each part of the elephant one by one. Physics in senior high school is mainly divided into five parts, namely mechanics, heat, optics (or wave science), electromagnetism and modern physics. In college, the classification method is different, even in graduate school, the basic knowledge of physics is divided into four major mechanics, namely classical mechanics, electrodynamics, statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics, so each stage has different classification methods. Don't think that the physics you are studying now is everything. In fact, the physics we are learning now can only be said to be very similar to the general physics in freshman year, and it is almost useless after sophomore year. Then we will make a general introduction to these five parts, and the rest will be introduced by the following units.

1. Mechanics: I mainly talk about Newtonian mechanics. I say kinematics first because it only contains two basic quantities: length and time. Then I introduce statics, discuss the conditions of equilibrium, and finally the whole dynamics, which contains Newton's three laws of motion, mass, momentum, Newton's law of universal gravitation, energy and other concepts, and is the basis of all physics.

Second, heat: most of the heat in high school is very simple. The concept of temperature is introduced, and the definitions of heat, heat capacity, specific heat and thermal expansion coefficient are introduced. But the more difficult part is the ideal gas equation and microscopic gas molecular dynamics theory, which are applied to Newtonian mechanics to describe the ideal gas and explain the reasons for the composition of macroscopic quantities such as pressure, volume and temperature.

3. Optics: It is divided into geometric optics and physical optics. Geometric optics mainly focuses on reflection and refraction learned in junior high school, but adds more complicated calculations. Physical optics must use the concept of wave to discuss the interference and diffraction of light through wave theory.

4. Electromagnetism: Introduce the phenomena of electricity and magnetism. Electricity and magnetism are not visible masses, so electromagnetism will be directly introduced from Coulomb's law (force), followed by electric field, potential energy, potential (electrostatics), then current, resistance, voltage, Joule's law and electric power. Then we will discuss how electricity produces magnetic field and how the change of magnetic field produces electromotive force, which is completely unheard of in junior high school.

5. Modern physics: briefly introduce some physical developments from the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, mainly discussing the development process of quantum mechanics, and also slightly discussing the basic assumptions of relativity, which can be regarded as talking about the development history of physics, except that the new textbook has a new electronic theme, and introduces the action principle of semiconductors, with only qualitative description and no quantitative calculation.

Some students may think that if they don't study physics, they won't get into physics when they go to college. This is a wrong idea. Imagine, if this is the case, why do education experts put physics in the high school curriculum and require all science and engineering students to study? In fact, the most important foundation of all disciplines is logic, and mathematics is an extension of logic from a scientific perspective. The real use of physics lies not only in the deduction of theorems and laws, but in the arrangement and induction of natural phenomena by scientific methods (numbers), which is the most important process. I hope you will come back and look at this sentence after learning a whole course of physics. I believe you will understand.