In our solar system, there are eight planets running, and the distance from the sun is from near to far. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune in turn. Specific data: Mercury is the penultimate planet and the sun is the nearest planet. Venus is far from the sun and close to the second planet, which is always the case at sunset, so when you look from the west, Venus is the one that shines. Venus itself does not shine, but reflects sunlight. The earth is some distance from the sun. The order from near to far is the third planet, which is the only planet suitable for life among the nine planets. Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. It is also called the red star. As soon as it appears in the sky, you can see that it is reddish. Jupiter according to the distance from the sun; The fifth star and the largest planet are 1 1 times that of radius of the earth, but its volume is 13 16 times that of the earth, and its mass is 3 18 times that of the earth. Saturn is determined by its distance from the sun. The sixth star is the second largest planet with seven beautiful rings. His aura is bright and dazzling, and Saturn becomes a beauty among the stars. Uranus is the seventh planet, and ranks third in size among the nine planets. The atmosphere contains methane,
Uranus is blue-green. Neptune's eighth planet, a pale blue planet. Typical gas planet. It is one of the nine planets. Pluto was defined as a dwarf star on August 24th, 2006. In addition, in the solar system, there are smaller planets, distributed in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, and from Kuiper. The belt extends nearly a light year. The Oort Nebula, far away from us, belongs to the solar system. All eight planets have satellites. Now it seems that there are many Jupiter, and humans have discovered Jupiter. With 68 satellites. Sun Jupiter Saturn: King Neptune Earth: Venus Mars Mercury, visible. Jupiter is the largest. Saturn is the second. The small arrangement of planetary materials, from large to small, is: Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Venus, Mars and Mercury are the smallest.
Comets arranged according to brightness, such as comets outside the solar system, do not emit light by themselves, but by reflecting sunlight. Magnitude is a method of expressing light in astronomy, that is, m (magnitude). It is stipulated in astronomy that the brightness of stars is regular and expressed by stars. The smaller the magnitude, the darker the star, the brighter the star. The magnitude difference is 1 star, and the brightness difference is 2.5 times. Are the eight planets the brightest? It depends. Planets have different brightness in different periods. We can make a simple comparison based on the current eight planets and the brightest time. Let's take a look at them. They have specific data:
Brightest time of Venus: -4.4m Brightest time of Mercury: -2.6 m Brightest time of Mars: -2.9 1 12m Brightest time of Jupiter: -2.9467m Brightest time of Saturn: -0.3m Brightest time of Uranus: 5.5m Brightest time of Neptune: 7.8m
Among the eight planets, Jin Mu's water, fire and earth planets are Venus visible to the naked eye on the human earth. It will be seen in the west in summer and night, emitting light yellow light with a maximum brightness of -4.4. , also known as Chang Geng Xing Qixing. Venus is called the morning star. It can be seen in the east three hours before the sun rises. When it was called the Pleiades, the sun was three hours behind and could only be seen in the northwest. Venus can be seen in the west, so it is called Chang Geng Star. Jupiter is -2.2 times brighter than Pisces, emitting white light. 8. See you in the left southeast in the evening. It's obvious to see you recently. It's the brightest day in the south, so it's easy to know Mars. It's next to Venus at 6 pm, and it's not dark at 6 pm in summer. Saturn is relatively observed, but it can't be seen at 6 pm in summer, and it has already set in the west. Orbiting a star; Second, the mass is large enough to make the celestial body become spherical by its own gravity; There should be no near the track; Other objects, planets.
Mercury (mercury)
China was called Chen Xing in ancient times. Planets in the solar system are mainly composed of stone and iron with high density. Mercury, which has a rotation period of 58 days and the rotation direction is consistent with the revolution direction, can orbit the sun for 88 earth days, with an average speed of 47 miles, making it the fastest planet in the solar system. There are no satellites around. It is the smallest of the eight planets and the closest planet to the sun. Mercury is closest to the sun, and the eight planets in the solar system rank first in turn. Mercury is smaller in diameter than Ganymede and Titan. Mercury looks from the sun. It is twice as strong as the earth, and the sun's light is six times stronger than the earth and the equator. Mercury faces the sun and the temperature can reach 400. In such a hot place, both tin and lead will melt, not to mention the water has evaporated. But on the side facing away from the sun, there is no sunshine for a long time, and the temperature reaches-173, so there can be no solid water here. The United States launched Mariner to explore the surface of Mercury and sent many photos to the ground. Mercury looks like the moon, with craters of different sizes, radiation plains and rift basins. Mercury is the second densest celestial body after the earth.
The rotation period is 58.6 days, and that of period of revolution is 87 days. The average radius is 2440km and the volume is 6 10 10. The number is 3 10 23, the surface area is 7 10 7, the escape speed is 4km/s, the distance from the sun is 58 million miles, and the surface temperature of the star is 427 degrees and-183 degrees (at night).
Venus (Venus)
Venus, the second planet, is also the closest planet to the earth. China ancient white Venus. Revolutionary period, 24. The brightness at night is second only to the moon, and Venus is before sunrise. The brightness is the highest after sunset. It appears before sunrise and is illuminated in the eastern sky; Sometimes dusk appears in the western sky of Chang Gung. Venus is the largest except the brightest star in the whole day. For Sirius, such as -4.4, it is like a dazzling diamond, the goddess of love and beauty, and the Romans call it the god of beauty. Perihelion 1 100 million kilometers with a surface area of 400 million kilometers, apogee 1 100 million kilometers, producing 4 1.024 kg, surface gravity 8m/s2, escape speed 10 k/s, and distance from the sun1100 million kilometers (0.72
earth
The third planet on earth is the planet with the largest diameter, mass and density in the solar system. Often called the world. The earth is 4.6 billion years old, and the natural satellite moon orbits the earth for 30 days without stopping. The rotation period of the earth is 24 hours, and the period of revolution around the sun is one year. The average distance between the earth and the sun is 654.38+0.4 billion kilometers, and the planet ranks third with an equatorial radius of 6,000 kilometers, ranking fifth among the planets. Mass 510 24k Earth
The average density is 5507 /m3. Diameter 12756 km, surface temperature 15, escape velocity 1 km/s, albedo of 0.367, rotation period of 23 h 56 m, semi-major axis1100 million km, eccentricity of 0. Period of revolution is 365 days. The inclination of the orbit is 7.25 degrees at the equator of the sun. Volume 1 10 12k3. The perihelion distance is 1 km. The distance of perihelion is 6,543.8+0 billion km, the track circumference is 900 million km, the perihelion angles are 65,438+065,438+04, and the half-axle speed of track is 29km/s,
Orbital speed: 30.287km/s minimum orbital speed: 29.29 1km/s satellite: moon cosmic speed:11.186km/s sidereal day: 0.997258d, equatorial girth: 40075.4007555656 Because the earth rotates fast, the space-frequency wave flows fast, and the magnetic pole vibrates the strongest, the gas-liquid solid is subjected to the centrifugal force of rotation and overturned to produce gravity. At the temperature of hydrogen peroxide 100℃, liquid water above zero is extremely magnetic in the north of the Antarctic, N and S are in the north-south direction, and the turbulent Bai Peng flows eastward. Sunset is regular in the west. Good chemical cycle law, stable solid without loss, no drift energy activity, rich and complete materials. The stable temperature changes little, and the pH value of acid, alkali and salt is moderate. Thick ozone layer protection, magnetic wave, electric wave, photovoltaic wave. The length and frequency of water waves, storms, sounds and shock waves are almost large and acceptable to animals and plants. Listen, smell, feel, seven kinds of light radiation, infrared and ultraviolet rays and so on. Suitable for multiple materialization and periodic metabolism. Pressure steam is only suitable for plants and animals with bacteria, and physical chemistry is changing. A life planet that constantly evolves, spits out the old and absorbs the new, develops and has rules in reproduction.
Mars (Mars)
Mars is the fourth planet, belonging to the Earth-like planet. Its diameter is half that of the Earth, and its rotation inclination period is short. period of revolution is twice that of the Earth. The orange appearance is; Because there is hematite on the surface. Mars is basically a desert, and the sand dunes on the surface are gravel, and there is no stable liquid water. Carbon dioxide is dominant, the atmosphere is thin and cold, and dust is suspended in it, and sandstorms occur every year. There are polar caps composed of water ice and dry ice at the poles of Mars, which will fluctuate with the seasons.
The mass is 60 million 23kg, the density is 3.94g/cm3, the diameter is 6794 km, the surface temperature is 63, the escape velocity is 0. 15, and the apparent star is the largest: the average rotation period is 246,229 h, and it is 50 million km away from the earth, the farthest >; 400 million kilometers. Semi-major axis: 200 million kilometers, eccentricity: 0. For 687 days in period of revolution, the orbital inclination is 1.850 6 1 liter, the longitude of the intersection is 49, the distance from the sun is 227.94 million kilometers, and the half diameter is 3397 kilometers.
Jupiter (Jupiter)
As the fifth planet, this planet has the largest volume and the fastest rotation. Mainly composed of hydrogen and helium, the center temperature is estimated to be very high. The maximum is 30500. In ancient China, it was called the year-old star, but it actually orbits the celestial sphere with a period of twelve years, which is the same as the earthly branch. Jupiter is the planet with the largest volume and mass in the solar system. Its extremely huge mass is more than 2.5 times that of the other seven planets, 3 18 times that of the earth and 1000 times that of the earth. The distance from the sun ranks fifth. At the same time, it is also the fastest rotating planet in the solar system. Jupiter is not a right sphere, and its poles are slightly flattened at the equator. The fourth brightest star in the sky, second only to the sun, the moon and Venus. Sometimes Jupiter is a little darker than Mars, and sometimes it is a little brighter than Venus. Jupiter is composed of hydrogen and helium, with a central temperature of 30000. There is a red spot on the surface of Jupiter, which is 40,000 kilometers long from north to south, 1 Wan Li and covers an area of 400 million square meters. Many people think it is a never-ending whirlwind, which has swept through three earths. The vector is 1 10 27, the average density is 1.g/cm3, the diameter is 14km, the surface temperature is-168, and the escape velocity is 60. The apparent magnitude is -2.9 and the rotation period is 9 hours. The second semi-major axis: 5AU, period of revolution 1 1.8 years. Orbit inclination is 1.3 degrees, ascending node longitude is 100 degrees, and eccentricity is 0.049 1.
Saturn (Saturn)
The solar system is in the sixth place, second only to Jupiter in size. Neptune, the king of Jupiter, is a gas-like giant. Ancient China was called Zhenxing. Saturn was called star filling in ancient times. Saturn, which is bigger than period of revolution, stayed in ancient times for 28 nights in 29 years. Almost every year, the town is full of the meaning of this night. It is called the town star or the star-filling, with a diameter of119300 kilometers. It is the second planet in the solar system. The neighboring Jupiter is very similar, with liquid hydrogen and helium on its surface and thick clouds on it. Saturn's gale raged, and the wind speed in the east-west direction was 1006 km per hour. The clouds above are caused by these strong winds, and a large amount of ammonia crystallizes in the clouds. Quantity: 95. 16 average density: 0.69g/cm3 diameter 120660 surface temperature:-178 escape velocity 35.6 /s albedo 0.57 apparent magnitude: -0.4~ 1.3 rotation period:/kloc.
Uranus (Uranus)
It is the seventh planet of the sun and the third largest and fourth largest star in mass. Ullas, God of the sky, priest of Cronus, grandfather of Zeus. The first modern discovery, although the brightness is the same as that of five traditional planets, is visible to the naked eye. Because it was dark, ancient observers found it. In the modern history of the solar system, the boundary expanded for the first time. The first planet discovered with a telescope. Uranus and Neptune, with different atmosphere and bigger gas, are the same as Jupiter and Saturn. Astronomers set up different ice giants to place them. Hydrogen and helium are a component of the atmosphere, containing a high proportion of water and ice formed by ammonia and methane, and detecting hydrocarbons. The solar system has the lowest temperature, only 49K, complicated cloud structure, water in the lowest cloud layer, methane mass of 810.25, and semi-long axis orbit eccentricity of 2 billion km: 0. Period of revolution: 8432326 rotation period: 17, 2.869 billion km away from the sun, and the surface temperature of 27 satellites is-17.
Neptune (Neptune)
The sun moves to the eighth, and the sun revolves to the fourth. Its diameter is smaller than Uranus and its mass is much larger. The mass is 17 times that of the earth, which is similar to that of twins. Because of its low density and high mass, it is 14 times that of the earth. Because Poseidon Poseidon, Chinese translated into Neptune. Poseidon used a trident. Typical gas planets, whizzing by in bands. The largest storm or cyclone, the fastest storm in the solar system, with a speed of 2000 miles per hour. Neptune's blue color is caused by methane absorption in the atmosphere and red light in sunlight. Although it's a cold. And that desolate big planet. It is scientifically speculated that there is a heat source. Like Saturn and Jupiter, Neptune has heat inside. It radiates energy and absorbs solar energy twice. It is a light blue planet, and people call it Neptune star according to its name. Master the universe of13. Diameter: 49,532km, length: 1.0247e26, apogee: 4,553,946,490km, perihelion: 4,452,940,833km, escape speed: 23.5 km/s, rotation period:/kloc.
Pluto, which has disappeared, has the slowest rotation speed and the farthest distance. There is no information about it now, and the solar system has been ruled out.
The stars and planets of the universe are all hanging in the sky, and they are all in the east, west, north and south directions. There are many secrets hidden, and with the progress of science and technology, we only know a little. How are planets formed? How do planets interact? Mars is really suitable for human beings. Can I live here? Questions like this. Scientists are keen on the topic, that is, we want to know more about the mysteries and unsolved mystery networks of the stars of the universe. Gradually reveal it to everyone.
After 800 million years, the earth has continuously differentiated the ozone layer, and acid, alkali and salt neutralize each other. Most microorganisms and algae in water can be metabolized. When life is circulated, marine animals appear. Terrestrial eumycetes are also very active, and all kinds of animals and plants are produced. There will be apes in 100 million years, and advanced animals are the best, which will be passed on to adults in 100 million years. Tribes have been established for hundreds of millions of years, and the primitive society has become a group. * * * is fighting against trauma and the wildness is competing. The primitive society has been tens of thousands of years. Everything grows on the sun, human wisdom is better than everything, and everything serves people, creates the world and controls the earth. Seven continents, four oceans and eight seas, Asia, Africa, Latin America, South America, North America, Africa and Africa, and 100 countries on both sides, history is rolling forward, innovation and development, and countries are vying for power and profit. Zhongzhou Central Plains Southeast Asia, the Chinese nation for 5,000 years, 30 provinces and 50 ethnic groups, Fuxi founder, three emperors and five emperors so far.
Zhang Heng, a native of Nanyang, Han nationality, was one of the inventors of the Five Sages. Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong and Ban Gu are also called the four schools of Han Fu. China was a great god, astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer and literary measurer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Help him count. Everyone has ten fingers, so everyone can remember symbols by decimal system. The heartbeat is counted second by second, one meter and five feet. Length, time and speed, area, volume and weight are calculated in years. I used to think that light is the fastest, the universe is measured in light years, and everything is measured.