First, the background of hierarchical teaching
The main goal of modern teaching is to cultivate students' innovative consciousness and ability, and to embody the characteristics of people-oriented quality education and developing potential in the teaching process. The State Council's Decision on the Reform of Basic Education in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression clearly points out: "We will continue to reduce students' excessive schoolwork burden, respect students' personality, follow the law of students' physical and mental development, and ensure the healthy growth of primary and secondary school students. It is necessary to strengthen teaching management, improve teaching methods and improve teaching quality. " The new curriculum reform has also established "for".
However, in actual teaching, if we blindly choose a "one size fits all" teaching method, there will be an overall situation of "good students do not have enough to eat and poor students do not have enough to eat", which will lead to the emergence of a large number of students with learning difficulties. At this time, hierarchical teaching embodies its unique advantages and can solve the above phenomenon well.
Second, the concept of hierarchical teaching
The so-called hierarchical teaching means that teachers scientifically divide students into several groups with similar levels according to their existing knowledge, ability level and potential tendency, and treat them differently. These groups are best developed and improved by teachers' appropriate hierarchical strategies and interactions. Hierarchical teaching is also called group teaching and ability grouping. Hierarchical teaching emphasizes several points: ① the existing knowledge and ability level of students; ② Hierarchy; (3) All students should improve. Teachers should not only choose teaching methods and assign homework according to students' different realities, but also give "help", "reform", "test" and "grade" according to their materials, so that each student can get corresponding teaching, development and improvement at their own actual level.
Third, the main mode of hierarchical teaching
1. Hierarchical shift mode
According to the results of the main cultural courses conducted by the school, according to the students' knowledge and ability level, it is divided into three or four levels to form a new teaching collective (temporarily called Class A, B, C and D). "Race walking class" is a kind of sports and large-scale stratification. Its characteristic is that teachers reorganize the teaching content according to different levels of students and determine the corresponding teaching objectives, thus reducing the learning difficulty of "students with learning difficulties"
2. Ability target layered detection mode
According to their own conditions, students first choose the corresponding learning level, and then adjust the level according to their own efforts and the status quo of follow-up study at the end of the semester. This form refers to the principle of "core skills" abroad, giving students more active choices. On the basis of understanding the society and self, students will link their own conditions with the stage goals, which is more conducive to "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude" in terms of subject knowledge and ability.
Fourth, the theoretical basis of hierarchical teaching
Due to the difference of congenital genetic factors and acquired growth environment, there must be individual differences in students' intelligence. Macroscopically speaking, people live in traditional and cultural backgrounds. People are born with a specific cultural imprint and are brought into a specific growth environment. These environments give people the basis and premise of understanding things. Then different environments have created different cognitive levels, thinking development speed and ability to accept knowledge.
Psychologists and educators clearly point out that teachers must treat students differently according to their individual differences and teach them in accordance with their aptitude. On the one hand, they should design teaching content suitable for different students' abilities in terms of depth, breadth and progress of teaching knowledge. On the other hand, they must consider students' individual characteristics and respect individual differences. As long as the appropriate teaching methods are chosen, students at different levels can develop successfully.
Five, the method of classroom teaching stratification
Hierarchical method of 1. class type
Take students' level as teaching resources and create an atmosphere of cooperative learning. We should make use of high-level students' answers, summaries, induction, performances and counseling to open our minds for low-level students and learn from each other's strengths. Teachers should set up layered exercises according to students' level, so that students at all levels can develop in their respective learning and development fields.
2. Hierarchical questioning method
Encourage students to actively participate in classroom activities. Teachers prepare questions with different difficulties in the process of asking questions, and ask questions for students at different levels, so that all students can participate in the discussion and feel the joy of success in the process of answering questions.
3. Work stratification method
Teachers choose some basic questions, extended questions and comprehensive questions according to what they have learned, and make corresponding homework requirements for students at different levels. This can not only prevent the situation that high-level students can't learn, middle-level students can't learn well, and low-level students can't learn well in previous teaching, but also avoid copying homework.
Six, how do teachers carry out hierarchical teaching?
(1) Create a pleasant and lively teaching atmosphere for students. In a relaxed environment, students can better devote themselves to their studies.
(2) Respect for students at different levels, mutual respect, mutual understanding, and harmonious and United teacher-student relationship are important prerequisites for maximizing teaching effect.
(3) Deal with the relationship between students' learning subject and teachers' subjective status, and fully implement the principle of inspiration and induction.
(4) Meet the needs of students' self-development.
(5) Teaching should be geared to the needs of all and improve as a whole. In the teaching process, we should optimize the gifted students and transform the students with learning difficulties.
(6) Choose multiple evaluation methods. Finding out the advantages of students at different levels and making rational and promoting evaluation will help to improve students' learning enthusiasm.
Seven. conclusion
The ultimate goal of teaching is to make all students develop, so if students are to give full play to their roles in different degrees, implementing hierarchical teaching is an effective teaching method at present. It can not only stimulate students' self-confidence, improve their interest in learning, but also respect their different personality characteristics and promote their personality development. Of course, in the process of hierarchical teaching, teachers must be able to flexibly choose hierarchical methods suitable for different groups according to the actual situation, which cannot be simple.