1. Mathematics becomes poetry
Once you walk two or three miles, there are four or five smoke villages.
The pavilions are six or seven, and the flowers bloom in eighty or ninety.
This is a poem written by Shao Yong in Song Dynasty, which describes the scenery all the way. It has 20 words, and all the numbers 10 are used. This poem reflects the distance, villages, pavilions, flowers and plants with numbers, which is popular and natural.
One, two, three or four, five, six, seven or eight.
Nine dollars, ten dollars, countless dollars, all missing when flying into Mei.
This is a poem about Xue Mei written by Lin Hejing in Ming Dynasty. The whole poem uses quantifiers to indicate the number of snowflakes. After reading it, it's like being in the snow. Snowflakes from less to more, flying into Meilin can't tell whether they are snowflakes or plum blossoms.
One nest, two nests, three or four nests, five nests, six nests, seven or eight nests,
Eat up the royal millet, and there are few phoenixes.
This is a poem "Sparrow" by Wang Anshi, a statesman, writer and thinker in the Song Dynasty. Seeing that many officials in the Northern Song Dynasty were full of food, corrupt and opposed to political reform, he compared them to sparrows and satirized them.
A pole, an oar, a fishing boat, a fisherman and a hook,
With a bow and a smile, one person monopolizes a river.
This is Ji Xiaolan's "Eleventh" poem in Qing Dynasty. It is said that Emperor Qianlong saw a fishing boat rowing on the river one day during his southern tour, so he asked Ji Xiaolan to write a poem about fishing and asked him to use ten "ones" in the poem. Ji Xiaolan soon sang a song, wrote the scenery and also wrote the modality, which was natural, decent and full of charm. No wonder Gan Long even said, "What a genius!"
Two or three halls at a time, four or five beds,
Six or seven smoke lamps and eighty or ninety guns.
In the late Qing dynasty, opium was prevalent, almost no one did not smoke, and the yamen almost became a smoking hall. Someone imitated Shao Yong and wrote this enlightenment poem to satirize it.
In the Western Han Dynasty, Sima Xiangru said goodbye to his wife Zhuo Wenjun, left Chengdu and went to Chang 'an to seek fame. Five years later, instead of writing a letter to his family, he wants to divorce his wife. Later, he wrote a letter to Zhuo Wenjun and sent it to Chengdu. Zhuo Wenjun received the letter and opened it. It was "1234567891 million, 987654321". She immediately wrote back a lyric poem:
A farewell, the two places are hung together, only in March and April, but in 56, the lyre was unintentionally played, the eight-part essay could not be passed on, and the nine-chain was never interrupted. I have seen through the Shili Pavilion, and I have a lot of thoughts, but I have no choice but to call it a maid. I'm tired of complaining about lang. I see the lonely geese in Chongyang in 1999, and the Mid-Autumn Festival in August is not round. In July and a half, I burned incense and lit candles to worship my ancestors. In the dog days of June, everyone shakes my heart. In May, pomegranates are like fire, and the flowers fall after the rain. April loquat is not yellow, I am lazy. Peach blossoms are blown away by the wind in March! Lang Lang, I wish you were a woman. I am a man in the second century.
Sima Xiangru was deeply moved after reading, and personally went back to Sichuan to pick up Zhuo Wenjun from Chang 'an. From then on, he devoted himself to study and finally became a generation of writers.
2. Interesting poems
1. Mathematics is an abstract thinking activity, which has nothing to do with poetry, but Xu Ziyun, a poet in Qing Dynasty, combined abstraction with image to create this mathematical poem:
The magnificent ancient temple is in the mountains. I wonder how many monks there are.
364 bowls, depending on the week.
Three people eat a bowl of rice and four people eat a bowl of soup.
Excuse me, sir, how many monks are there in the temple?
There are 364 bowls in the temple. If three monks eat a bowl of rice and four monks eat a bowl of soup, then each monk will have something to eat. How many monks are there in the temple?
"Every week is not bad" means it is very accurate, and that's the way to count later. It's not bad at all.
Obviously, this algebra problem can be solved by junior high school students with a little brain-let the number of monks be x and list the following algebraic expressions: x/3+x/4=364, x=624.
2. Hundred sheep problem
Cheng Dawei, a great mathematician in Ming Dynasty, wrote a book "Arithmetic Unity", in which there is a mathematical application problem in the form of poetry, called the problem of hundred sheep.
A drives the sheep to chase the grass, and B pulls A's sheep behind.
Do you want to ask A and 100? Jia Yun said there was no difference,
Combine the obtained groups, and then join the small semi-group of semigroup.
You must come alone. Who can guess the mystery?
A shepherd is driving a flock of sheep to find a place with lush grass. A man with a sheep came from behind and asked the shepherd, "Do you have 100 sheep?" The shepherd said, "If I have another flock of such sheep, plus half of this flock and 65,438+0/4 flock of sheep, plus your sheep, it will be exactly 65,438+0,000." Who can find out how many sheep there are in this group by clever methods?
The solution to this problem is:
( 100- 1) ÷ ( 1+ 1+ 1/4) = 36.
3. Li Bai drinks
Li Bai is walking in the street, playing with wine with a pot;
When you meet a store, double it, see flowers and drink a bucket;
I met the shop flower three times and drank all the wine in the pot.
How much wine is there in the hip flask?
This is a folk arithmetic problem. The title means: Li Bai is walking in the street, drinking and carrying a hip flask. Every time he meets a hotel, he doubles the wine in the kettle. Every time he meets flowers, he drinks a barrel (barrel is an ancient unit of capacity, 1 barrel = 10 liter), so he meets flowers three times in the store and drinks the wine. How much wine is there in the pot?
The problem was solved by equation. There used to be a barrel of wine in the pot. Get [(2x-1) × 2-1]× 2-1= 0, get x = 7/8.
4. One hundred monks
Cheng Dawei, a great mathematician in the Ming Dynasty, wrote "Arithmetic Unity" with such a problem:
One hundred buns and one hundred monks, but three big monks did not increase;
One of the three young monks, and how many big and small monks?
This problem can be solved by hypothesis. Now suppose there are 100 big monks,
(3× 100- 100)÷(3- 1÷3)
= 75 people .......................................................................................................................................................................
100-75 = 25 (person) Number of big monks
5. Dumb people buy meat
This is also a calculation problem in Cheng Dawei's Arithmetic Unity:
Dumb people come to buy meat, the amount of money is hard to say, 40 yuan less per catty,
92 is more than 16. Who can count? How much meat is there today?
The meaning of this question is expressed by a line graph, which is clear at a glance.
As can be seen from the figure:
The price of every two meats is: (40+ 16) ÷ (16-9) = 8 (text).
Money with mute: 8× 16-40 = 88 (text)
Mute can buy meat: 88 ÷ 8 = 1 1 (two)
(Note: old system 1 kg = 16 beam)
6. Pear fruit is timely
Zhu Shijie, a mathematician in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote a book called "Meeting with Siyuan" in 1303. There is such a topic:
999 pence, buy 1000 pears in time,
Eleven pears, nine pears, seven fruits and four pence.
Q: What's the price of pears?
The meaning of this question is: you can buy * *1000 pears with 999 pence, 9 pears with 1 1 penny, and 7 pears with 4 pence. How much do you pay for each pear and fruit?
Pear price:11÷ 9 =12/9 (text)
Fruit price: 4 ÷ 7 = 4/7 (text)
Number of fruits:
(12/9×1000-999) ÷ (12/9-4/7) = 343 (pieces)
Number of pears: 1000-343 = 657 (pieces)
Total price of pears:
1 2/9× 657 = 803 (text)
Total fruit price:
4/7× 343 = 196 (text)
7. Divide money next door
I only heard that the customers next door are distributing money, but I don't know the number. Four Liang is more than four Liang, and half a catty is less than half a catty.
Excuse me, who can count, how many guests and how much money?
This problem is a folk calculation problem, and it is more convenient to solve it with equations.
Let the guests be x people. Then get the equation:
4x+4=8x-8
The solution x = 3,4× 3+4 =16.
Answer: 3 guests, 16 silver.
(Note: old system 1 kg = 16 Liang, half a catty = 8 Liang)
8. Light Pagoda
This is a topic in Nine Chapters Algorithm Analogy written by Jason Wu, a mathematician in Ming Dynasty. The topic is:
Looking at the towering seventh floor from a distance, the red light doubled.
* * * light three hundred and eighty-one. How many lights are there on the top floor?
Solve the multiple sum of each layer:
1+2+4+8+ 16+32+64= 127
Number of lights on the top floor: 38 1 ÷ 127 = 3 (lights)