Square matrix in mathematics means matrix. In mathematics, a matrix is a group of complex numbers or real numbers arranged in a rectangular array, which originated from a square matrix composed of coefficients and constants of an equation. This concept was first put forward by British mathematician Kelly in19th century.

Matrix is a common tool in applied mathematics such as advanced algebra and statistical analysis. In physics, matrices have applications in circuit science, mechanics, optics and quantum physics. In computer science, three-dimensional animation also needs matrix. Matrix operation is an important problem in the field of numerical analysis. Decomposition of a matrix into a combination of simple matrices can simplify the operation of the matrix in theory and practical application.

The main branch of numerical analysis is devoted to the development of effective algorithms for matrix calculation, which has been a topic for a century and is an expanding research field. The matrix decomposition method simplifies the theoretical and practical calculation. The algorithm customized for specific matrix structure speeds up the calculation in finite element method and other calculations. Infinite matrix appears in planetary theory and atomic theory. ?

Matrix is a common tool in applied mathematics such as advanced algebra and statistical analysis. In physics, matrices have applications in circuit science, mechanics, optics and quantum physics. In computer science, three-dimensional animation also needs matrix.