1665 In the summer, Cambridge University was temporarily closed due to an outbreak of plague in England. I just got my bachelor's degree and am going to stay and teach.

Newton was forced to leave school and lived on his mother's farm for more than a year. This year is called "miracle year", Newton's understanding of the three laws of motion, million.

The study of the law of gravity and optics began in the F period. In the process of studying these problems, he discovered what he called "flow counting"

Calculus.

Secondly, I wrote a short article about traffic counting in 1666, and then I wrote several related articles. But these articles were at the time

They were not published publicly, but circulated among some British scientists. The German philosopher Lai was the first to publish a research paper on calculus.

Bernitz Leibnitz discovered calculus in 1675, but he was in no hurry to publish it. He only mentioned these findings in manuscripts and letters.

Now

Third, 1684, Leibniz officially published his differential discovery. Two years later, he published a study on integral. In Switzerland

Driven by the Bernoulli brothers, Leibniz's method soon spread all over Europe. Here we are 1696, and the textbook of calculus is available.

Publication. At first, no one competed for the right to discover calculus. 1699, a Swiss who moved to Britain, on the one hand, tried to please Britain.

China people accused Leibniz of copying Newton's calculus because of his personal feud with him, but this

People have no prestige, and after being refuted by Leibniz, there is no following.

Fourthly, in 1704, Newton published his flow counting technology completely for the first time in the appendix of his optical works. There were anonymous comments back then.

On the other hand, Newton was accused of copying Leibniz's calculus. So who was the first person to discover calculus?

A problem needs to be solved. 17 1 1 year, John Cale, a Scottish scientist and a member of the Royal Society, wrote a letter to the Royal Society.

The letter accused Leibniz of plagiarizing Newton's work, but he changed his face with different symbols.

Fifth, Leibniz, who is also a member of the Royal Society, protested and asked the Royal Society to ban Kyle's slander. Wang's society will form a.

A committee investigated this matter, and in the investigation report published the following year, it was found that Newton first discovered calculus, and Leibniz was condemned for deliberately concealing it.

Don't let him know about Newton's research work At this time, Newton was the president of the Royal Society. Although he pretended to have nothing to do with it in public,

But this investigation report was actually drafted by Newton himself. He also anonymously wrote a long article attacking Leibniz.

6. Of course, the controversy has not subsided because of the publication of this extremely biased investigation report. In fact, the debate was postponed.

Up to now, no one, including Leibniz himself, denies that Newton first discovered calculus. The question is whether Leibniz is independent.

Successfully discovered calculus? Did Leibniz steal Newton's discovery?

1673 In July, on the eve of Leibniz's creation of calculus, he visited London. Although he has never met Newton, he has some.

British mathematicians have a meeting to discuss mathematical problems. Some mathematicians study calculus, and they may even show it to Leibniz.

Read Newton's related manuscripts. Before his death, Leibniz admitted that he had read some of Newton's manuscripts, but he said they were priceless to him.

Value.

1676 In August, Leibniz even received two letters from Newton, which outlined Newton's research on infinite series. Although these

Correspondence was later used by Newton's supporters against Leibniz, but they did not contain the detailed information needed to create calculus. wasteland

I'm afraid no one can tell how much influence Bunitz had on British mathematicians in the process of establishing calculus. The descendants are all in Buller.

It is found in Nitz's manuscript that he plagiarized passages from Newton's paper on the number of flows and changed its content to the calculus symbol table he invented.

Show. This discovery seems to be against Leibniz.

However, we are not sure when Leibniz copied it. If it was before he created calculus, from someone

British mathematicians plagiarized Newton's manuscript when they saw it, which can certainly be used as ironclad evidence of Leibniz's plagiarism. But he could be.

Newton plagiarized the paper in 1704. At this time, his own paper has been published for many years.

Later generations studied Leibniz's manuscript and found that Leibniz and Newton founded calculus from different ideas. Newton did it for.

To solve the motion problem, there is the concept of derivative first, and then the concept of integral; Leibniz, influenced by his philosophical thought, had integral first.

Concept, followed by the concept of derivative. Newton only used calculus as a mathematical tool for physics research, while Leibniz realized differential product.

Fractions will bring a revolution to mathematics. These seem to show that Leibniz, as he has repeatedly claimed, created micro-independence.

Integral.

Even though Leibniz did not create calculus independently, he made great contributions to the development of calculus. Leibniz vs microcosmic

Integral is expressed more clearly, and the symbol system adopted is more intuitive and reasonable than Newton's, which is widely used and still used today. So the current teaching

Science books generally list Newton and Leibniz as the founders of calculus.

Extended data:

I. isaac newton (isaac newton, 1643, 65438+14 October -65438+3 March10727);

1, born in Lincolnshire, England, graduated from Cambridge University, and is a famous British physicist, mathematician, astronomer and natural philosopher.

Home, known as "the father of modern physics".

In 2 1687, he published Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, expounding gravity and three laws of motion, which laid the foundation for the latter three.

The basis of mechanics and astronomy in this century has become the basis of modern engineering. He demonstrated Kepler's law of planetary motion and its introduction.

The consistency between force theories shows that the motions of ground objects and celestial bodies follow the same natural laws. Provide a basis for the sun-centered theory.

Strong theoretical support promoted the scientific revolution.

Second, Leibniz (Gott's friend William Leibniz, 1646- 17 16):

1, born in eastern Germany? Whose father is a scholarly family in Leipzig? Professor of moral philosophy at Leipzig University, mother.

Pro was born in a professor's family. Leibniz's father died when he was only 6 years old, leaving him a rich collection of books. Leibni

Therefore, I have been in extensive contact with the ancient Greek and Roman cultures and read the works of many famous scholars, thus gaining a solid cultural foundation.

And clear academic goals.

2. Graduated from Altdorf University, German mathematician, physicist and philosopher. He is a rare scientific genius in the world. He reads widely.

Group books and encyclopedias have made indelible contributions to enriching the treasure house of human scientific knowledge.