Students' autonomy means that under the guidance of teachers, students can find problems independently, grasp the essence of problems, and try to explore various ways and methods to solve problems from different angles and follow different ways of thinking. In today's implementation of quality education, if students lack the initiative to learn, the implementation of quality education will become empty talk. How to make students change passive learning into active learning and cultivate students' autonomy in learning is particularly important. To construct an independent and innovative classroom teaching mode is to take teachers as the leading factor and students as the main body in classroom teaching. Teachers create a harmonious, relaxed and democratic educational environment through inspiration and guidance, organize various educational activities purposefully and in a planned way, and cultivate students into talents with independent innovation ability in the new century. Practice has proved that only by respecting students' subjectivity, returning the classroom to students, allowing students to actively participate in teaching and fully mobilizing students' enthusiasm can students change from "learning" to "learning" or even "enjoying learning" and quality education will be truly reflected.

1. Create a good classroom atmosphere, and create a self-confident environment.

According to educational psychology research and educational practice, under the situation that students have no mental pressure, no psychological burden, happy mood and full of emotions, the cerebral cortex is easy to form an exciting center, and at the same time, they have the most active thinking and the strongest practical ability. In other words, when students study in a relaxed and pleasant environment, their self-confidence will be stronger, they will have the psychology of not being afraid of failure, they will have the opportunity to play freely and communicate fully, and they will have unrestrained thinking space.

How to create a relaxed and happy classroom atmosphere?

First of all, teachers should straighten their positions and let students know that they are the real masters in the classroom. Teachers are only the guide wholeheartedly, the organizer, guide and collaborator of classroom learning, and the key to learning lies in themselves. This requires teachers to change the original spoon-feeding teaching method and adopt flexible learning methods in teaching. For example, "group cooperation method", "practical operation method", "teacher-student exchange role method" and so on. Only in this way can we truly reflect the subjectivity of students and cultivate their self-confidence.

Secondly, teachers should use democratic teaching language and body language in class to infect students, influence them and make them the most active subjects in class. For example, when teachers enter the classroom, they relax students' nerves with full spirit and friendly smiles, and relieve students' vigilance; For example, before the lecture, teachers can use passionate opening remarks such as "Our class is the most active and likes to think …" to stimulate students' emotions and enthusiasm; For example, when students encounter difficulties, teachers should not show anxiety, but use appropriate gestures, use "talking" facial expressions and "trusting" eyes to encourage students to think deeply, and can use caring words such as "Don't worry, think slowly, you will certainly figure it out". Another example is that when students have new ideas or succeed in learning, teachers must give them timely affirmation to encourage them to explore and learn more deeply ... Of course, teachers' language and posture must be moderate and not exaggerated, otherwise it will be counterproductive.

I believe that in a good classroom atmosphere, seeds of self-confidence and innovation will be born.

2. Create a positive exploration space and promote independent participation in learning.

The quality and efficiency of classroom teaching can not be separated from the active and effective participation of all students. Teachers should strive to create a positive exploration space, so that students have time and space to think, operate, try and express problems, and let their external activities gradually internalize into their own internal intellectual activities, so as to acquire knowledge, develop intelligence and participate in learning activities independently in a more positive manner.

First of all, teachers should create an opportunity for students to participate in the experiment consciously. For example, some teachers are used to letting students fold in half along the long side first, measure it and draw a conclusion; Fold it again along the wide edge, measure it and draw a conclusion. On the surface, this kind of teaching seems to be all participation and all hands-on. In essence, it is to let students walk to the end step by step according to the steps designed by the teacher. This kind of superficial participation can hardly stimulate students' enthusiasm for independent participation. If students are allowed to find their own way to see the characteristics of a rectangle, they will have room for thinking, and they will draw conclusions from different angles and in different ways, so as to truly play the main role of students. Too much help from teachers will only cultivate students' thinking, which is not conducive to the cultivation of students' awareness of independent participation.

Secondly, teachers should provide opportunities for all students to participate. Generally speaking, it is necessary to pave the way for students to try to answer new knowledge at the connection point of old and new knowledge, so that all students can jump up and pick fruits, enjoy the joy of success, and then participate in the later study with greater enthusiasm. Avoid replacing the activities of most students with the activities of a few students.