First, the general method of training students to collect and process information
The general methods of cultivating students to collect information in teaching are: direct observation, experiment, reading books and newspapers, computer network e-books and other multimedia reading methods, inquiry (investigation) and the comprehensive method of comprehensively using various methods. The general methods of processing information are: sorting, experimental verification, mutual communication, discussion and analysis.
When choosing and using these methods, we should start from teaching practice and choose the appropriate methods according to the specific teaching content and the actual situation of students and schools. Students can collect information in many ways: (1) direct observation: by observing the teacher's demonstration with corresponding materials, students can know and understand. (2) Book and newspaper access method: Students can go to the school library, cultural center, children's library or Xinhua Bookstore to access relevant words and pictures, such as "Why there are 100,000 primary school students" and "Children's Encyclopedia", which provides us with a lot of knowledge. (3) Multimedia access method: multimedia access method that can use modern educational means such as TV, video, DVD and e-books. (4) Network query method: With the rapid development of modern information technology, many students have computers at home, and primary school students are familiar with computer access to information, which can guide students to access information about circuits online through search engines.
Second, several measures to train students to collect and process information
(A) the creation of external situations for students to collect and process information.
Situational creation refers to the creation of a learning environment related to the current learning theme, that is, a place where students can explore freely and learn independently.
Teaching design should be aimed at students' learning environment rather than teachers' teaching environment, because teaching means more control and domination, while learning means more initiative and freedom. Teachers should be promoters and catalysts of learning and partners in the learning process.
In practice, we can create a harmonious classroom learning situation through various forms, so that students can collect and process information more actively. Students can use various information tools and resources (such as experimental supplies, books, newspapers, images, multimedia e-books and Internet information resources). ) to collect all kinds of information they need. In this process, students can not only get help and support from teachers, but also cooperate and support each other. We should emphasize the role of students in teams and groups and strengthen their cooperation.
(B) the construction of information resources under the network environment
Information resource design refers to determining the types of information resources needed for learning and the role of each resource in the learning process. As we all know, the Internet is the largest knowledge base and resource pool in the world. It has the richest information resources, and these knowledge bases and resource bases are organized according to the hypertext structure that conforms to the characteristics of human associative thinking, so it is especially suitable for students to carry out inquiry learning based on independent discovery and exploration. Because of the massive information in the network environment, teachers and students have equal information opportunities. Sometimes, students may know more information than teachers. Teachers have gradually lost the advantage of occupying teaching information resources in the past, and cannot rely on ready-made teachers to impart limited knowledge and so-called standard answers to students. The task of teachers will change into how to guide students to screen and obtain useful information in the ocean of information.
Through network creation and autonomous learning under the guidance of teachers, students can make clear the goals of each stage in the learning process and realize them step by step and integrally through their own efforts. Successful feedback information gives students full confidence and sense of accomplishment, which is very beneficial to the formation of students' cognitive structure and the construction of the meaning of the knowledge they have learned at present. This teaching structure not only attaches importance to the subjectivity and initiative of students, but also gives full play to the guiding role of teachers.
(C) arouse students' interest in collecting and processing information
"Interest is the best teacher of learning"
Only by fully stimulating students' interest in collecting and processing information can we truly realize students' meaningful construction of learning themes in the learning process and guide students to acquire and process information independently, which is of great significance for cultivating students to learn to learn and learn for life. My common methods in teaching are: demonstration and competition.
To cultivate students' ability to collect and process information in primary school teaching, we should also pay attention to several issues:
Because of the large age span of primary school students, their hobbies and psychological changes are quite different, we should cultivate students' ability to collect and process information in stages. In the first and second grades, children's interest in collecting and processing information is mainly cultivated through direct observation and simple classification. Students in Grade Three and Grade Four will participate in books and newspapers consulting, investigation and inquiry, experimental operation, online search, systematic classification and induction, analysis and summary, and collect and process information. Students in Grade 5 and 6 actively choose research objects and research methods, and together with team members, through the comprehensive application of various methods, complete information collection, information analysis and processing under the guidance of teachers, write simple investigation and research reports, experimental reports or make simple inventions.
The constructivist learning theory of modern education holds that knowledge is not acquired by teachers, but by learners in a certain situation, that is, social and cultural background, with the help of others (including teachers and learning partners) and necessary learning materials, through the way of meaning construction. Helping students to construct meaning in the process of learning is to help students reach a deeper understanding of the nature and laws of things reflected in the current learning content and the internal relationship between this thing and other things.