1. The clinical manifestations of common pneumonia and typical pneumonia include:
(1) General symptoms: sudden or slow onset. Sudden symptoms include fever, vomiting, irritability and wheezing. There may be mild upper respiratory tract infection a few days before onset. Early body temperature is mostly 38 ~ 39℃, and it can be as high as 40℃, which is mostly slack or irregular fever. Newborns may not have fever or their body temperature does not rise. Most weak babies have a slow onset, low fever and no obvious cough and lung signs. Common asphyxia, vomiting or dyspnea. Sometimes choking milk is very obvious, and it can overflow from the nostrils every time you feed.
(2) Cough: Cough and phlegm in pharynx are generally more obvious in the early stage. Early dry cough and extreme cough can be alleviated, but during recovery period, the cough is aggravated and there is too much phlegm. Newborns and premature babies can't cough, but only show foaming at the mouth.
(3) Shortness of breath: it mostly occurs after fever and cough, with superficial breathing and accelerated breathing frequency (> 60 beats/min in 2 months, > 50 beats/min in 2 ~ 12 months, > 40 beats/min in 1 ~ 4 years). In severe cases, people groan when breathing, and cyanosis may occur. The ratio of respiration to pulse increased from 1∶4 to about 1∶2.
(4) Dyspnea: common dyspnea, cyanosis around the mouth or nails, flapping of the nose, and severe cases such as nodding and breathing, depression sign, prolonged exhalation time, etc. Some sick children tilt their heads back to breathe more smoothly. If the child bends forward passively, the resistance is obvious. This phenomenon should be distinguished from neck muscle stiffness.
(5) Lung fixed fine moist rales: Early chest signs may not be obvious, or only breathing sounds may be coarse or slightly reduced. Later, you can hear a fixed medium-to-fine moist rale or distorted sound, mostly when you are crying and taking a deep breath. Percussion is normal or slightly voiced or breathing sounds are weakened. However, when the fusion of lesions expands and involves part or the whole lung lobe, corresponding signs of lung consolidation may appear. If it is found that one lung has obvious voiced sound and/or decreased breathing sound, the presence of pleural effusion or empyema should be considered.
Experts say that parents must raise their awareness of prevention. It is necessary to strengthen children's exercise, take children to outdoor activities, receive sunlight, carry out cold-resistant exercise stimulated by cold air in respiratory tract, and improve children's physical resistance. Try to take children to crowded public places as little as possible. At the same time, we should pay attention to the weather changes and increase or decrease clothes for our children in time. It is necessary to develop children's good living habits and keep enough sleep. Parents should supplement their children with vitamins in moderation, match their meals reasonably, and don't eat too much greasy and irritating food. Children can be given nutritious and digestible food according to their age characteristics. Breast-feeding children should be mainly milk and can drink water properly; Children who can eat bigger can eat nutritious and digestible food, drink more water and eat more fruits and vegetables to prevent malnutrition and calcium deficiency.
(15) Due to parents' insufficient understanding of infant asthma, it was misdiagnosed as recurrent bronchitis or bronchopneumonia, which delayed effective prevention and treatment, leading to recurrent asthma, and then evolved into refractory asthma in children. Asthma is a common disease in children. At present, the medical community believes that emotion plays an important role in promoting the onset of asthma. Once children have asthma, they will feel anxious, depressed and depressed. For example, when children watch TV programs that make them bored or do boring math problems, they will slow down their breathing, increase their breathing resistance and lead to asthma attacks.
In recent years, relaxation training has been advocated to reduce the frequency of asthma attacks. The specific way is to create a good living environment, avoid causing tension and fatigue to children, and maintain a happy mood. At present, the cold wave is coming. If you don't pay attention to protection, inhaling a lot of cold air, bacteria and microorganisms will also induce asthma. For example, indoor air is dry, and dust mites are susceptible sources. Parents must pay attention to the cleanliness of the room. Physical exercise is very important for asthma patients. Choose an environment with good air to exercise, breathe fresh air and accept sunshine, and constantly enhance your body's adaptability to nature. It should be noted that asthma patients are more prone to asthma and cough after strenuous exercise, so the intensity of exercise must be gradually increased. Walk first, then run slowly, and run longer and longer. As long as you insist, I believe your child will continue to strengthen his physique during exercise.
Diet adjustment of patients with pneumonia
Patients with pneumonia should eat (drink) 1, liquid, especially fruit juice; 2. Fresh fruits and vegetables; 3, oily fish, eggs and other foods rich in vitamin A.
A good diet can ensure that patients with pneumonia get enough fluids and calories, which is helpful to treat pneumonia. Pneumonia is an acute lung disease. One or both lungs of the patient are inflamed and filled with mucus, which makes the patient cough, asthma and chest pain. Pneumonia is mostly caused by bacteria or viruses, but sometimes it is also caused by irritating chemicals. If you suspect pneumonia, you should see a doctor at once. Doctors can make a diagnosis through chest radiographs, and the treatment methods vary according to the cause. The fever associated with this respiratory disease will consume a lot of body fluids and nutrients, so patients should drink at least 1.7 liters of liquid every day, but drink it in small quantities several times.
If the patient has a bad appetite, he should drink more juice to provide energy. During the recovery period, you should drink more fluids and eat more light and nutritious food. Fresh fruits and vegetables provide vitamin C, which can help the body resist diseases; Oily fish and eggs are rich in vitamin A, which is very important for keeping the tracheal membrane healthy. Dark green leafy vegetables (especially spinach and cabbage) and fruits and vegetables (such as melons and carrots) are important sources of β-carotene, which can be converted into vitamin A. Naturopathic doctors advise patients not to eat fruits and vegetables in the early stage of pneumonia, and then gradually add whole grains and protein to their diet. They also advocate not eating dairy products and sweets for the time being to reduce mucus secretion in the lungs. But this special diet can only be used for a short time, and you must consult a doctor first.