In order to re-measure the land in order to collect taxes, the Egyptians studied the calculation and measurement of the area and angle of geometric figures more and more deeply.
In the ancient book "Rhine papyrus", various calculation methods of plane graphics, three-dimensional area and volume are recorded.
With the development of history, the ancient Greeks sorted out the accumulated knowledge and experience over the years, gradually abstracted knowledge and established the basic theories and theorems of geometry.
Extended data
The development history of geometry
1, the establishment of Euclidean geometry
The establishment of accepted geometry originated from the book "Elements" written by the Greek mathematician Euclid more than 300 years ago. Euclid in
In Yuan, the known mathematical knowledge at that time was creatively summarized by axiomatic method. Euclid's Elements of Geometry is a milestone in the history of mathematics, which establishes the paradigm of mathematical reasoning. His thought is called "axiomatic thought".
2. The birth of analytic geometry.
Analytic geometry is the most important embodiment of variable mathematics. The basic idea of analytic geometry is to introduce the concept of "coordinate" on the plane, and establish a one-to-one correspondence between the points of this coordinate on the plane and the ordered real number pairs (x, y), so the geometric problem is transformed into an algebraic problem.
The real founders of analytic geometry should be French mathematicians Descartes and Fermat.
3. The birth and development of non-Euclidean geometry
The birth of non-Euclidean geometry originated from people's long-term discussion on the fifth postulate in Euclid's Elements of Geometry, that is, the parallel postulate, until mathematicians Gauss, Boyo and Russian mathematician Lobachevsky summed up a new set of geometric theorems and named them non-Euclidean geometry, which is generally called "Roche geometry".
1854 german mathematician riemann developed Lobachevsky's geometric thought, thus
A more general geometry called "Riemann geometry" is established. It was not until the late19th century that mathematicians beltrami, Klein and Poincare established the model of non-Euclidean geometry in Euclidean space, and non-Euclidean geometry was understood and recognized.
4. The development of projective geometry
The geometric development of Renaissance originated from the higher pursuit of religious painting.
5, the unity of geometry
The establishment of non-Euclidean geometry broke the long-held idea that only Euclidean geometry exists. Hilbert put forward an implementation method of unified geometry, that is, axiomatic method. This axiom system thoroughly expounds the logical relationship and content of geometry and completely unifies geometry.
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