[Keywords:] Emotional Expression of Blue-and-white Porcelain Composition in Yuan Dynasty > Introduction > In recent years, the collection of blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty has been heating up, and academic research has become more and more comprehensive. Many experts and scholars have written articles on their views and research results on the origin, art and culture of blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty. The difference between Yuan, Ming and Qing blue-and-white porcelain and contemporary blue-and-white porcelain is very significant, and so is the composition form. The unique composition layout of Yuan Qinghua is one of its distinctive artistic features, the embodiment and reflection of the spirit of the times, and the concentrated expression of social and subjective emotions. Studying the relationship between its composition form and emotional expression is helpful for us to understand the connotation and significance of Yuan blue and white composition form more clearly. & gt I. Overview of the composition and layout of blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty > Although from the archaeological point of view, blue-and-white porcelain can be traced back to the Tang and Song Dynasties at the earliest, the origin of modern blue-and-white porcelain can only be traced back to Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty. This is because the appearance of blue and white porcelain in Jingdezhen in Yuan Dynasty was not a natural development in Tang and Song Dynasties, but was independently formed in Jingdezhen under the influence of the trade demand between Yuan and the Middle East. Blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty consists of two parts. One is the blue-and-white porcelain of the official kiln, that is, the blue-and-white porcelain produced by kiln households under the jurisdiction of Fuliang Porcelain Bureau, with strong production capacity. There is life to supply, and there is no life to stop. Then there is the blue and white porcelain of ordinary folk kilns. Although still under the control of Yuan * * *, the productivity is low, but the degree of freedom is higher. There is a great difference between the blue-and-white porcelain of the official kiln and the blue-and-white porcelain of the ordinary folk kiln, and it is also remarkable in composition. & gt 1, official blue-and-white with multi-layer dense layout >: Official blue-and-white under the jurisdiction of Fuliang Porcelain Bureau, represented by typical blue-and-white porcelain, is painted with Suma green material imported from the Middle East. Its color is bright, and the composition layout is characterized by multi-level and dense layout. & gt Most of the blue-and-white bottles and cans in the Yuan Dynasty took the form of horizontal multi-layer composition, ranging from four or five layers to eight or nine layers. Each floor is separated by chord lines, and the decoration is divided into theme decoration and auxiliary decoration. For example, the blue-and-white elephant ear bottle collected by the David Foundation of the United Kingdom is divided into eight levels: bougainvillea, banana leaves, phoenix, bougainvillea, sea water Yunlong, sea waves, bougainvillea and miscellaneous lotus petals. There is a blue-and-white dragon-patterned animal ear cover jar in Gao 'an Yuan Blue-and-White, Jiangxi Province, which has as many as twelve layers, and the blue-and-white material almost completely covers the whole jar body. This multi-layer composition is related to the fact that most of the official blue-and-white bottles and jars are tall and full, but there are also many small utensils with many layers, such as some jade pots and spring bottles, which often reach as many as five, six or even eight layers. & gt A few bottles and jars, such as some polygonal gourd bottles, jade spring bottles and holding pots, are vertically divided. Others take the form of multi-opening. For example, a blue-and-white plum vase in Wu Hanyou, Hubei Province, decorated with Love of Chrysanthemum Flowers by Alan and Tao Yuanming, Love of Lotus Flowers by Zhou Dunyi and Love of Plum Crane. The composition and layout of the blue-and-white market in Yuan Dynasty are often arranged according to the mathematical principle of * * * *, and most of them are three layers, and some are fan-layered. The decorative patterns of most levels are mainly drawn in full layout. Although dense, it is not boring because of its clear priorities, reasonable distribution and patchwork. & gt A small number of official blue and white flowers also adopt a flower-thinning structure. For example, a dragon-shaped blue-and-white jade pot spring bottle collected by Toyo Ceramics in Osaka, Japan, has only one dragon coiled around the whole body, and the picture is very simple, giving rise to the feeling of soaring dragon, which is rare in official blue and white. & gt2. Blue and white of ordinary folk kilns with fresh and sparse composition > Compared with blue and white porcelain produced by government-controlled kiln households, the composition of ordinary folk kilns in Yuan Dynasty is obviously different. This is because at that time, ordinary folk kilns could not obtain high-quality green materials, so they could only use domestic green materials, which was expensive, so they could not use a large number of blue and white materials like those produced by government-controlled kiln households. For the same reason, ordinary folk kiln blue and white porcelain can only be painted on small objects, such as Gao Zubei, folding bowls and small cans. Therefore, the theme of blue-and-white porcelain in ordinary folk kilns is mainly figures and flowers and birds, with deep hair color and sparse arrangement. Multi-layer decoration is less, and freehand brushwork is used to dilute dyeing, which is concise and clear. This common folk kiln product not only exists in Jingdezhen, but also widely exists in Yuxi kiln in Yunnan, Huili kiln in Sichuan and Jizhou kiln in Jiangxi. It has a remarkable folk rough layout style, which has not been valued by collectors and scholars. & gt II. Composition Form of Blue-and-White Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty and Expression of Subjective Emotion >: 1, Life Emotion Table Selection >; Life emotion is the basic emotional state of blue and white porcelain creators, including both their daily life and their production. This kind of emotion will inevitably be transmitted to his blue and white porcelain works in different degrees and expressed in different forms. With the different status of blue and white porcelain creators, their living and production conditions are also different, which leads to their differences in emotional expression. & gt The production system of blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty was divided into two types: government-controlled kiln households and ordinary folk kilns, and their expressions of life feelings were quite different. Under the direct supervision of the officials of Fuliang Porcelain Bureau sent by Yuan Ting, blue and white porcelain painters have no freedom to create, and the composition form is directly regulated by officials, which cannot be ignored or changed at all. Even so, the composition of blue-and-white porcelain in the official kiln may still flash the creator's life emotion, thus showing certain personality characteristics, but compared with the personalized composition in the private kiln, its expression of life emotion is very insufficient. Although ordinary blue and white porcelain workers in folk kilns were also subjected to heavy feudal pressure and bondage by Yuan * * *, they were restricted by many factors and could not fully display their personalities. However, on the whole, the blue-and-white composition of folk kilns has a very distinct personality, and it can even compose freely, which creates a precedent for the freehand brushwork style of blue-and-white in folk kilns, and the subsequent composition of folk kilns is also greatly influenced by it. Blue-and-white porcelain painters in ordinary folk kilns in Yuan Dynasty generally lacked cultural knowledge, so they often did not pay attention to artistry. However, their sincere life feelings were concentrated and vividly expressed in their compositions, which made the appreciators feel the same way and produced a * * * sound. Therefore, in terms of artistic appeal, ordinary folk kiln blue-and-white porcelain is actually no less than official kiln blue-and-white porcelain. & gt2. The aesthetic emotion in Selected Aesthetic Emotions is an emotional form higher than life emotion, and the perfect expression of artistic emotion is based on the accumulation of life emotion of the creator. Artistic emotion is closely related to personal knowledge and life experience. After tempering, it is poured into his works. The composition form of blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty also contains the aesthetic feelings of the creators, and there are personality differences due to the differences in their knowledge and living standards. & gt The composition of official blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty was stipulated by the government, which conformed to the social aesthetic tendency at that time in aesthetic pursuit, so it put forward higher requirements for blue-and-white porcelain craftsmen. The blue and white porcelain craftsmen controlled by the government are all the best painters collected from the local area, among whom there are many skilled craftsmen, and China people should also participate. They can deeply understand the artistic laws and creative ideas, and can express them well. Therefore, we can see that the seemingly similar blue-and-white porcelain decoration has artistic differences in composition processing, which is caused by the different ways in which government-controlled blue-and-white porcelain painters express artistic beauty. Ordinary blue-and-white porcelain painters in folk kilns are more different, and there are obvious differences between elegance and vulgarity in the expression of artistic emotion. Elegant composition imitates the style of literati painting, emphasizes artistic conception, and manages the position in the form of literati painting, while vulgar composition tends to be chaotic between people, with obvious differences. & gt III. Composition Form and Social Emotion Expression of Blue-and-white Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty > 1, National Emotion Table Selection >; Blue-and-white porcelain was created and fired by China, which is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation and embodies the spirit and emotion of China's national culture and art. The composition of blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty also contains rich and strong national feelings. Although the composition form of blue-and-white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty was constantly integrated with external factors, especially the style of * * * *, national sentiment was always the main factor. & gt The composition of official blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty has a remarkable * * * style. However, from the background of the Yuan Dynasty, the multi-level and complicated composition form of blue-and-white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty can not be completely regarded as exotic feelings, because the raw materials and composition form of blue-and-white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty mainly came from Nath, Ilka, which is now Iran, and the Yuan Dynasty was an unprecedented period of multi-ethnic integration in China, with an unprecedented territory. Ilka Nath is one of the four khanates affiliated to the Yuan Dynasty Empire, so it is actually within the sphere of influence of the Yuan Dynasty. In addition, as far as multi-layer composition is concerned, multi-layer decoration has appeared since the painted pottery period in primitive society, and multi-layer dense composition in painted porcelain in Tang and Song Dynasties is also common. Therefore, multi-layer composition can not be completely regarded as * * * style, but also has a profound national cultural foundation. & gt The composition form of blue-and-white porcelain of ordinary folk kilns in Yuan Dynasty contains some orthodox culture of China feudal culture. In Yuan Dynasty, China literati were oppressed, and the folk formed a torrent of literati painting. Scholars and painters in Jiangnan are the most concentrated, and the famous "Yuan Sijia" lives here. Therefore, it is not surprising that the ordinary folk kiln in Jingdezhen, also located in the south of the Yangtze River, has a simple and elegant composition form with literati feelings. At the same time, blue-and-white porcelain, which is drawn by ordinary craftsmen and represents the thoughts and feelings of the broad masses of the people in China, is also developing day by day, and its composition form has a strong folk flavor, which is in the same strain as Cizhou kiln folk painting. & gt2. Expression of artistic emotion > The composition form of blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty reflects the artistic pursuit and aesthetic taste of people in Yuan Dynasty, and is full of social artistic feelings. Composition forms combine creative groups and social evaluation to achieve the purpose of expressing artistic feelings. The composition of blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty roughly reflects three artistic emotion systems, namely, aristocratic artistic emotion, literati artistic emotion and folk artistic emotion. & gt The aristocratic artistic emotion contained in the official blue-and-white porcelain composition of the Yuan Dynasty represents the aesthetic tendency of the ruling class headed by the emperor, and has the characteristics of rigor and meticulousness. The ruling class in the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties didn't like the number "seven", so there were only seven layers of blue and white decorations in the Yuan Dynasty. Semu people belonged to the upper class of the Yuan Dynasty, and the status of * * * religion was respected in the Yuan Dynasty. Blue-and-white porcelain controlled by the government in Yuan Dynasty showed a distinct style, which was the embodiment of Semu people's aesthetic requirements. The official blue-and-white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty is mainly based on patterns, paying attention to decorative forms and levels. However, when the peasant army controlled it at the end of Yuan Dynasty, the blue-and-white porcelain of the official kiln turned to serve the peasant army, and the painting composition increased obviously, showing the revival tendency of Confucian culture. The literati's artistic emotion is between the palace and the folk, and belongs to the category of advanced artistic emotion. The composition of blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty contains rich artistic feelings of literati. Many works of literati painting in Yuan Dynasty were directly embedded in blue and white porcelain. For example, the bamboo in blue-and-white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty comes down in one continuous line with the bamboo of Ke, a famous bamboo painter in the Yuan Dynasty, showing strong literati artistic feelings. Folk art emotion is the artistic emotion of "Xialiba people" corresponding to the artistic emotion of literati, and many works of blue and white in ordinary folk kilns in Yuan Dynasty express the artistic emotion of ordinary people. & gt3. Expression of Religious Emotion > Religious emotion is one of the most important social emotions, which plays a very important role and significance in regulating the social moral system. Blue and white porcelain composition contains strong religious feelings, especially in ancient society, blue and white porcelain composition is closely related to religious feelings. The composition of blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty embodies the theory of * * *, which holds that blank space is the place where the devil lives, so it is mainly in the form of dense layout, leaving no blank space. The composition of blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty embodies the revered position of Yuan Dynasty's religion in China. & gt IV. Conclusion > Blue and white porcelain has a long history, and its composition forms show different characteristics in different periods. The composition form of Yuan blue-and-white porcelain is the coexistence of multiple layers of dense and sparse layout, which contains rich emotions, expressing both subjective and social emotions. The main emotions it expresses mainly include life emotion and social emotion, and social emotion mainly includes national emotion, artistic emotion and religious emotion. Blue and white porcelain creation in contemporary China is still popular, with many famous artists and diverse compositions. Blue-and-white porcelain artists should fully consider emotional expression factors in composition layout, so as to create excellent works that truly conform to the times and national spirit.