High School Physics Examination Formula (Basic Edition)
Displacement formula of uniform linear motion: x=vt
The speed formula of linear motion with uniform speed change is v=v0+at.
Displacement formula of uniform linear motion: x=v0t+at2/2.
Centripetal acceleration's relationship: a=? 2r a=v2/r a=4？ 2r/T2
The formula for calculating the work done by a force on an object is W=FL.
Newton's second law: F=ma
Linear speed of curvilinear motion: v = s/t.
Angular velocity of curvilinear motion:? =? /t
Relationship between linear velocity and angular velocity: v=? r
Relationship between period and frequency: Tf= 1
Power calculation formula: P=W/t
Kinetic energy theorem: W=mvt2/2-mv02/2
Calculation formula of gravitational potential energy: Ep=mgh
High School Physics Examination Formula (General Edition)
Law of conservation of mechanical energy: mgh1+mv12/2 = mgh2+mv22/2.
The mathematical expression of Coulomb's law: F=kQq/r2.
Definition of electric field intensity: E= F/q
Definition of potential difference: U=W/q
Ohm's law: I=U/R
Calculation of electric power: P=UI
Joule's Law: Q=I2Rt
Definition of magnetic induction intensity: B=F/IL.
The formula of ampere force is F=BIL.
The formula of Lorentz force: f=qvb
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction: E=? ф/? t
Induced electromotive force generated by conductor cutting magnetic induction line: E=Blv.
Summary of Physics Problem Solving Skills in Senior High School
First, keep the examination room mentality
Mentality? Quiet? : calm and natural? Is it cool? The brain is naturally awake, the energy is naturally concentrated, and the thinking is naturally clear. Calm as water, detached from things, and become the master of time and learning. Emotion is stable and efficiency is improved. If you fidget, you will feel confused, upset and absent-minded. You are on pins and needles, your eyes are here and your heart is there. It seems that you are trying, but in fact you are lying.
Second, high school physics multiple-choice questions answering skills
Multiple-choice questions generally examine students' understanding of basic knowledge and basic laws and apply these knowledge to some qualitative reasoning and quantitative calculation. When answering multiple-choice questions, we should pay attention to the following questions:
(1) Every option should be carefully studied to choose the best answer. When an option is uncertain, it is better to choose less.
(2) pay attention to the requirements of the topic, which one do you choose? Incorrect? 、? Is it possible? Or? Are you sure? .
(3) Believe the first judgment: Please be extra careful when modifying the already judged topic. Only when you find that the first judgment is definitely wrong, and the other 100% is correct, can you make changes. Never change when you are uncertain. This is especially important for middle and low level students.
(4) Common methods of doing multiple-choice questions:
① Screening (elimination) method: According to the information in the topic and the knowledge you have, from easy to difficult, gradually eliminate unreasonable options and finally approach the correct answer.
② Special value (special case) method: let some physical quantities take special values and make judgments through simple analysis and calculation. Only applicable to multiple-choice questions that can exclude the rest of the wrong options after substituting special values in each option.
(3) Limit analysis method: a method that limits some physical quantities and draws conclusions.
④ Direct inference method: using the learned physical concepts and laws, grasping the relationship between various factors, analyzing, reasoning, judging, and even using mathematical tools to calculate, get the results and determine the options.
⑤ Observe and choose by feeling: In the face of multiple-choice questions, when you really feel at a loss, you can make a bold guess by observing the similarities and differences of the options, the length, the affirmation of the language, the differences of expressions, the corresponding or similar physical laws and physical experiences. When you have successfully completed the examination paper, you can analyze the questions later. Maybe you have an idea again at this time.
⑥ Using the whole method and isolation method skillfully: When analyzing multiple objects, the method of whole first and then part is generally adopted.
Third, the skills of doing physical experiment questions
(1) Experimental questions generally appear in the form of fill-in-the-blank questions or drawing questions. As a fill-in-the-blank question, the numerical value, unit, direction or symbol should be fully filled in; As a drawing problem: ① The physical quantity, unit, scale and coordinate origin indicated by the vertical and horizontal axes should be marked on the function image. ② The range of ammeter, positive and negative polarity, internal and external connection of ammeter, connection of rheostat and position of sliding contact should be comprehensively considered in the electrical physical diagram. ③ Arrows can't be omitted in the light path diagram, the virtual and real lines should be used correctly, and the readings of various instruments and meters must pay attention to effective figures and units; The physical connection diagram should first draw a circuit diagram (the position of the instrument should correspond); All kinds of drawings and connections should be written in pencil (easy to modify) and finally blacked out with a black signature pen.
(2) Routine experiment questions: mainly examine textbook experiments. In recent years, we have checked more experimental equipment, principles, steps, readings, attention problems, data processing and error analysis. When answering the routine experimental questions, we have made a detailed examination of this topic, so we should make great efforts to be detailed, true and complete.
(3) The design experiment focuses on examining the principle of the experiment. Students are required to investigate the meaning of the question, make clear the purpose of the experiment, use the transfer ability and associate the relevant experimental principles. We must emphasize four characteristics (scientificity, safety, accuracy and simplicity). For example, when designing electrical experiments, we should put safety in the first place, and at the same time, we should try our best to reduce the experimental errors and avoid measuring small values in a large range.
Fourth, the answering skills of high school physics calculation problems
(1) Carefully review the questions and clarify the meaning of the questions.
Every calculation problem, first of all, we should read it carefully and make clear its meaning. Examination of test questions is a process of searching, extracting and processing the information in test questions. The information we obtained in the preliminary examination may contain both favorable information and unfavorable information, or it may be incomplete, which will make the problem deviate from the correct direction and cause a situation of one step wrong and one step wrong. When reviewing the questions, we should be comprehensive and meticulous, paying special attention to the keywords and data in the stem, such as static, uniform, just reaching the maximum speed, uniform acceleration, zero initial speed, sure, possible and just right. General physical problems may describe a complex movement process. In this case, the whole process should be decomposed into several different stages, fully imagined, analyzed and judged, and a complete and accurate physical scene and model should be established. Sketch is often used to represent physical scenes to help understand the meaning of questions and ensure the accuracy of exams. Otherwise, once the direction of the problem deviates, it can only be a waste of time.
(2) Dare to do problems and be close to the law.
Based on mathematical methods, solving a problem is to establish an equation equal to the number of unknowns and then solve it. How to establish the equation? Equations are included in all stages of the physical process and the whole process, and exist in the state or state change; Hidden in the constraint relationship.
First of all, the thematic relationship should be established by the physical laws corresponding to or close to the physical phenomena and processes in the topic. Then, according to the physical process, the vertical and horizontal interrelations and mutual constraints of the information provided by the topic are established. The so-called vertical relationship refers to the mutual relationship between the front and back processes of the same research object; The so-called horizontal relationship refers to the relationship between one research object and other objects.
(3) Dare to solve problems and go deeper than research.
If you encounter a problem with a large number of questions, a large amount of information and a complicated process, if you make clear the scene at a certain stage during the examination, and
The equations are listed. Dare to work out the result first, which plays a vital role in thoroughly straightening out the meaning of the question.
(1) In many cases, the scene of the second stage should be judged by the results of the first stage, so the results of the first stage have become an important weapon to break through obstacles.
② When the number of listed equations is less than the number of unknowns, two unknowns can be eliminated at the same time in one process. If the circuit shown in the figure below is used, the electromotive force e and (r+R0) of the battery can be measured, and unless R0 is known, the internal resistance r of the battery can be measured.
(4) Pay attention to norms and strive for high scores.
Specific requirements for standardization of problem solving: clear handwriting, original and accurate canonical equations, unified characters and symbols, unified use of units, standardized drawing, test results (whether they conform to physical reality and laws), and finally draw a clear conclusion. Find out which conditions are known and which are unknown, and the final result must be expressed in letters of known conditions or requirements.
Five, common physical error-prone and confusing problems:
(1), judge whether two vectors are equal or not, or don't pay attention to the direction when answering the vector;
(2) Don't pay attention to Newton's third law when calculating acting force and reaction force;
(3) No matter the value of the topic requirement G is 10m/s2, it is easy to treat the gravitational acceleration of the earth's surface as the gravitational acceleration of the planet's surface when calculating the problems of flat throwing and falling on the planet.
(4) The stress analysis is incomplete, and gravity is omitted when solving problems with Newton's second law and kinematics formula;
(5) Letters don't have to be used to writing or the results are expressed by unknown quantities, regardless of case (such as L and L), and physical quantities are obtained without units (after completion, the unit system can be used to check whether the results expressed by letters are correct);
(6) Not answering questions according to the requirements of the topic, and the drawing is not standardized;
(7) Do not pay attention to answering positive and negative jobs when looking for a job;
(8), do not pay attention to distinguish between overall momentum conservation and momentum conservation in a certain direction;
(9) Do not pay attention to whether there is energy loss during collision. When two objects collide completely inelastic, the kinetic energy (mechanical energy) loses the most, and the lost kinetic energy is converted into internal energy at the moment of collision;
(1)0. When solving problems with energy conservation, energy cannot be found clearly;
(1 1), when calculating the current in the circuit, you can't find the resistor, you can't tell who is the power supply and who is the external resistor, and you can't find who the current passes through;
(12), when calculating heat, it is not clear whether it is a resistor or the whole circuit;
(13), do not pay attention to the significant digits when reading experimental equipment;
(14), the process analysis is not comprehensive, only focusing on the initial stage, ignoring the discussion of the whole process;
(15), when analyzing the meaning of the question, we don't pay attention to whether it is horizontal or vertical, remember gravity, and the error in numerical calculation leads to the error in the meaning of the analysis question, so it is impossible to solve it.