1. Concept: In English, actions or states of being occurring at different times need to be expressed in different verb forms, which are called tenses.

Category: (Basic Tense)

Simple present tense simple past tense

Present continuous tense past continuous tense

Simple future tense past future tense

Present perfect tense past perfect tense

Three. Usage:

1. General present tense:

1) The simple present tense indicates frequent or habitual actions or states, objective reality and universal truth.

Generally, the present tense is often expressed by the original verb, but when the subject is singular in the third person, the verb suffix is added with -s or -es.

2) sentence structure: subject +v (including be verb)+object+…

She is an engineer.

He has breakfast at 6 o'clock every day.

3) Note:

The simple present tense is usually used with adverbials of time, such as always, often, universally, every day, sometimes, once a week, etc.

I always watch TV at eight o'clock in the evening.

They go home once a week.

We usually do our homework at home.

B) Express objective reality or universal truth.

The sun always rises in the east.

Light travels faster than sound.

C) indicates a permanent behavior or state.

He lives in the country.

4) the third person singular form.

A) General verbs add -s at the end.

Come and go-say work-work-life-life.

B) add -es after words ending in o, s, x, ch and sh.

Do-do-finish-finish brush-brush.

Repair-Repair Pass Watch

C) Words ending in "consonant +y" change from y to I plus -es.

Learn-learn to carry-carry cry-cry

D) words ending in "vowel letter +y" are directly added with-s.

Play-play stay-stay

We do our homework at nine o'clock every night.

I get up at half past seven in the morning.

He goes to work at seven every day.

We often play basketball in the afternoon.

He likes music.

The earth moves around the sun.

The train leaves at six o'clock.

5) Negative sentences and interrogative sentences.

He is an engineer.

-He's not an engineer.

-Is he an engineer?

-Yes, he is. No, he isn't.

B)-We get up at 7: 30 in the morning.

-We don't get up at 7:30 in the morning.

-Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning?

-Yes, we do. /No, we didn't.

He likes music.

-He doesn't like music.

-Does he like music?

-Yes, he does. /No, he didn't.

2. Simple past tense

1) The simple past tense indicates the action that happened in the past or the state of being, and is usually used with adverbials of past time, such as yesterday, last night, several years ago, in 1990, in the sky, etc.

I was a student six years ago.

I went to Beijing last year.

They saw a movie last night.

2) Sentence structure: subject+v. Past tense+object+…

He was very busy yesterday.

He smoked last year.

He joined the army two years ago.

He died in 1990.

3) Negative sentences and interrogative sentences.

He was busy yesterday.

-He's not busy.

-Is he busy?

-Yes, he is. No, he isn't.

B)-He smoked last year.

-He didn't smoke last year.

-Did he smoke last year?

-Yes, he did. /No, he didn't.

C)- 1990 He joined the army.

He joined the army in 1990.

-1990 Did he join the army?

-Yes, he did. /No, he didn't.

4) The changing law of verb past tense.

A) generally add the word -ed.

Work-Work-Call-Laugh-Laugh

Explain-explain complete-complete knock-knock.

B) add -d directly to the word ending in the silent letter e.

Alive-alive changed-changed smoke-smoked to death-died.

Graduation-graduation-driving-driving

C) For words ending in "consonant +y", change y to I plus -ed.

Research-research-carrying-carrying crying-crying.

Try-try to get married-get married.

D) words ending in "vowel letter +y" are directly added with -ed.

Play-play-stay-stay

E) A word ending in "a vowel letter+a consonant letter" should be written with this consonant letter before adding -ed.

Stop-stop plan, plan, clap, clap

F) irregular changes of verbs:

Do-go-go-come-come-run-run-write-write

begin-begin drink-drink keep-keep-keep leave-left sleep-sleep

Lie, lie, dig, eat, know, know

Cut-cut settings-set let-let read-read hurt-hurt.

I took this book the day before yesterday.

I bought a bike last year.

I listen to music every night.

She usually stays at home.

I finished the work two days ago.

Review:

I was a teacher two years ago.

He is a student now.

He does his homework at home every day.

4) They joined the Party on 1998.

We didn't eat apples yesterday.

We play basketball (not) every day.

He goes home once a week.

8) I am 16 years old.

I go to work at eight every morning. (Question underlined)

10) They joined the party on 1990. (Questions underlined)

I went to Beijing last year.

3. General future tense

1) indicates the future action or state of existence, and is often used with adverbials tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, within a few days, etc.

2) sentence structure: subject +will/shall+v prototype+... (shall is used in the first person)

I will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

They will have a meeting next week.

-She'll be 20.

-Will she be 20?

-Yes, she will. /No, she won't.

3) Subject+Will/Shall+V. Prototype+…

Going (yes, yes, yes).

They will have a meeting next Sunday.

(will = will)

-What will they do next Sunday?

-When will they have a meeting?

4) The prototype will be+v.

I'm leaving school soon.

It cannot be used with adverbs indicating time.

They are about to start. (√)

They are leaving soon. (×)

Review questions:

1. He does his homework at school every day.

They finished the work yesterday.

We will visit their farm next year.

I want to have lunch in half an hour.

He will go to school by bike.

They will buy a car next Sunday.

4. Past tense and future tense

1) the past future tense is an action or state that will happen from the past point of view based on a certain time in the past. Mainly used in object clauses.

Basic structure: subject++would/should was/going to+v+v. prototype+…

He said that he would have a meeting next week.

He said he would have a meeting next week. )

They said that we should leave school tomorrow.

They said that we would leave school tomorrow. )

5. Present continuous tense

1) The present continuous tense indicates the action that is being done now or now. Usually used with adverbial of time, such as present and present.

2) Basic structure: subject +be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +…

You listen to me carefully now.

She is writing a letter this year.

Look! They are dancing.

We are studying English at present.

It's raining heavily now.

3) The formation of verb present participle

① General verbs are added directly after words.

Do-do reading-read.

Work-work thinking-thinking

Learn-learn to-go.

Watch-watch jump-jump

② Verbs end-ing in the silent letter e should be removed first, and then–ing should be added.

Like-like to take-take

Leave-leave life-life

Receive-receive dance-dance

Come-come smoke-smoke.

Writing-writing

(3) Verbs ending with "a vowel letter+a consonant letter" should be written with this consonant letter, and then -ing should be added.

Stop-stop start-start.

Digging-digging swimming-swimming

Running-running-sitting-sitting

(Note: Listen-listen-eat-eat.

Rain-rain sleep-sleep)

4)

6. Past continuous tense

1) indicates an ongoing action at a certain moment or stage in the past, and is usually used with 6: 00 yesterday, this/that time yesterday, when- guided adverbial of time, etc.

2) basic structural subject +be (was/were) +v- ing +…

1. It rained at seven o'clock the day before yesterday.

They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.

We were reading when the teacher came in.

We're not reading ...

Are you reading ...

What were you doing when the teacher came in?

3) Example 1. Tom was watching a movie at that time the day before yesterday.

We were swimming at four o'clock last Sunday.

When the teacher saw us, we were playing poker.

I did my homework yesterday.

He did his homework at five o'clock yesterday.

He is doing his homework now.

7. The present perfect tense

1) 1. represents the influence of past actions on the present.

2. It means the action or state that started at a certain time in the past and continues to the present.

Usually used with the following adverbials of time: up to now, in the past, recently, from …, 5 years, from 1994 to the present, already, however, once, just …

2) basic structure subject +have/has+P.P (verb past participle)

1. I have finished this work.

He has been to Australia.

I haven't heard from her recently.

I have read this book.

Have you read ...?

Yes, I do. No I don't.

What have you read?

3) the composition of the past participle (regular changes are the same as the composition of the past tense)

The irregular changes are as follows

Do it.

Go, go, go

Eat eat.

come on

There used to be

Write write.

Used to be

See see see see.

Hear hear hear hear.

Swimming, swimming, swimming.

get drunk

Give, give, give

Forget, forget, forget

Take it away. Take it away.

Keep, keep, keep

Sleep, sleep, sleep

Teaching teaching teaching.

shopping

Tell tell tell tell tell.

Manufacturing manufacturing manufacturing

Cut, cut, cut

Hurt hurt hurt hurt.

Read read.

Make way

4) Pay attention

1. Verbs with terminal meaning or temporary short meaning cannot be used with adverbial of general time guided by for, because.

Buy, start, die, come, go, join, leave, etc. )

I bought a book.

I have bought books for three days. (error)

I have had a book for three years.

He has been in the army for three years. (error)

He has been in the army for three years.

He joined the army three years ago.

C) He has been dead for three years.

He died two years ago.

It has been two years since he died.

He has been dead for two years. (error)

He went to Australia.

He has been to Australia.

2. The difference between the present perfect tense and the general past tense (the difference of adverbial of time)

I received her letter recently/yesterday.

3. Example:

He has read this book.

So far, we have learned two thousand words.

They have lived in China for three years.

He has seen the film twice.

Bob has been teaching in this school since 1997.

8. Past perfect tense

1) indicates that the action occurred before a certain time in the past, emphasizing "the past", and is often used with adverbials such as by the time, by the end, before, by, etc. to guide the time.

2) Basic structure subject +had+ verb past participle+…

When I arrived at the cinema yesterday, the film had already started.

When I arrived at the cinema yesterday, the film had already started.

He had learned English before he came here.

He had learned English before he came here.

By the time I left school, he had taught this class for three years.

By the time I left this school, he had taught this class for three years.

By the end of last term, I had learned 2000 English words.

By the end of this term, I have learned 2000 English words.