Russian name: екатеринбург?
History?
Yekaterinburg (called Szverdlov Sk in the period of 1924- 199 1) was founded in 1723, named after female tsar Yekaterinina I, and it is the center of Tusk region in Szverdlov, and is an important industry, transportation, trade and trade in Urals and Russian Federation. The city is located at the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains, on the banks of the Isett River, and 1667 km east of the Russian capital, with an area of 4,900 hectares. ?
Located on the Siberian Road connecting Russia and Europe, Yekaterinburg was once the center of metallurgical industry in the18th century. /kloc-In the first half of the 9th century, the metallurgical industry promoted the rapid development of Yekaterinburg. /kloc-In the last quarter of the 0/9th century, Yekaterinburg became the economic, financial and cultural center of the Urals region, and it was also an important hub leading to the railways of Perm, Tumen River and Chelyabinsk. ?
At the beginning of the 20th century, Yekaterinburg was involved in social unrest that affected the whole of Russia. During the Soviet-Russian civil war, from July 19 16 to July 17, the red Bolshevik capitalists executed Tsar Nicholas II and his family at Ye Fu Palace in Ibat. ?
Yekaterinburg became the center of the Great Urals in 1923 (area 1757 square kilometers). 1934 became the center of modern Szverdlov. In the 1920s and 1930s, the city built and rebuilt a large number of large-scale factories, and established some research institutes and institutions of higher learning in industrial branches. The enhancement of urban industrial potential tripled the population to 430,000 in the last decade before the war. ?
During the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, Szverdlov Sk (Yekaterinburg) became a big military industrial center. More than 50 large factories, manufacturing plants, scientific research and academic institutions retreated to Yekaterinburg. Cities have also made great contributions to the protection of Russian cultural heritage. The rich collections of Leningrad Monastery Museum, Soviet Central Opera House and Moscow Art Academy Opera House have all been transferred to Yekaterinburg, and the headquarters of the National Academy of Sciences is no exception. ?
"The capital of the country's pillar areas". After the war, the name was fixed in Szverdlov, which fully demonstrated the city's contribution to the national economic development. The growth of industrial strength is accompanied by the growth of population, which reaches 1967 to1000000. At the same time, the face of the city has also changed. The block has been renovated and a central area with administrative, cultural and sports facilities has been formed. Education, medical care, trade, catering and communication networks are expanding day by day. Urban traffic has undergone a qualitative change. There are trams, trolleybuses and buses in every block. The subway construction started at 1990, and the first line was put into use at 1992. ?
Status quo?
According to the comprehensive indicators of national economy and trade circulation, Yekaterinburg is the third largest city in Russia, next only to Moscow and St. Petersburg. At the same time, it is the fifth largest city in Russia (6.5438+0.32 million people). The main industries are machinery, metalworking, chemistry, food and building materials. 80% of the employed population comes from here. The largest factories are Wula Machine Factory, Wula Jim Machine Factory and Wula Conveyor Factory. Among them, Wula Machinery Factory used to have 65,000 employees, and now there are still more than 20,000 employees. ?
Yekaterinburg is the largest financial and credit service center in the Urals. The market turnover of its capital exchange ranks third in the country. More than 50 banks supported the Urals deal. Five banks have the right to deal in rare metals. ?
Yekaterinburg, located at the junction of Europe and Asia, is an important factor connecting the eastern and western economies. The city is an important railway hub in Russia, and the railway leads to seven directions. There are two airports, among which kelso Waugh Airport is an important international airport. The communication is developed and belongs to one of the five major communication networks in Russia. With more than 300,000 telephones and more than 500 automatic exchanges, it is the communication center of Urals and Siberia 1 1. ?
Yekaterinburg is a science and education center with the oldest 15 universities in the Urals, including the Urals Institute of Mineral Geography, the Urals National Technical University and the Urals National Gorky University. About 140 scientific research institutions, planning and academic institutions are located here. The research institutes under Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences have made great achievements in mathematics, mechanics, mechanics, geography, geophysics, history, philosophy and law. ?
Developed social infrastructure ensures the daily life of Yekaterinburg residents. There are 30 tram lines, 16 trolley-bus lines and 46 bus lines, with a total length of 830 kilometers running in the city. Citizens are proud of their subway. At present, another subway line with more than 7 seats is under construction, with an annual public traffic volume of more than 570 million passengers. ?
Qualitative changes have taken place in trade and tertiary industry. Urban commercial outlets have developed rapidly. According to statistics, there are 5,970 trading enterprises, 0/760 retail stores and 290 restaurants, coffee shops and bars in this city. People's health is highly valued. 60 specialized medical institutions provide medical services, including 27,000 medical staff. Beds per thousand people 152, the highest level in Russia. ?
The cultural life in Yekaterinburg is rich and colorful. There are five professional theaters, including Opera House, Ballet Theatre, Music Theatre and National Famous Theatre. Ural Philharmonic Orchestra, Ural Symphony Orchestra, National Chorus and Ural Folk Music Orchestra are all famous for a long time. Its 67 libraries have millions of multilingual books from Russia and other countries in the world. 13 Museum can well reflect the history and present situation of Yekaterinburg. ?
Yekaterinburg has a unique historical and cultural heritage and is one of the oldest cities in the Russian Federation. There are nearly 800 historical, architectural, technical and artistic sites in this land. Some of them are also the most important in the Federation. ?
New forms of cultural activities are being carried out in this city. Some clubs responding to UNESCO activities were also born in the 1980s and 1990s. Now there are about 50 similar clubs in Yekaterinburg, which are active in museums, libraries and research institutions. Some fans are involved. Activities cover a wide range: ecological training and education, culture and art, music, history, and protection of ethnic minorities' folk customs. ?
Yekaterinburg is a sports city with 15 stadiums and 326 gymnasiums. Sports teams such as Wularochka, Ska and Wula Engine-Yisu Murumo are quite famous in the Urals. ?
Citizens and tourists in Yekaterinburg have a good rest condition. There are only 23 natural scenery in the urban area, including park 13, with a total area of 12000 hectares. Rare plants from all over the world are planted in the Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences and the Garden of Ural National Institute of Forestry Technology. The Central Cultural Rest Park is the most famous park in this city. Mount Tuschi near the south of Yekaterinburg and Lake Isett Weil in the south are places that citizens often go to. Stone tent, a natural and historical scenic spot located on the west road around the city, is also an excellent place to go. In the parks and forests around Lake Kataqi, grotesque granite stands, showing the outline of ancient castles. There are about 30 natural scenery in the suburbs of the city, the most famous of which is the "Eurasian border". ?
External contacts?
Yekaterinburg has foreign trade with more than 100 countries, with 6 15 foreign-funded enterprises. Finally, the investment countries are the United States, Britain, Germany and Cyprus. The city is now the main commercial radiation center and information center in the Urals and Russia, and is known as the locomotive of economic development in the Urals. ?
Around 1995, the city became twin cities with the United States and the Czech Republic, with American and British consulates. China is a sister city, and the cooperation projects to be sought from China include: deep processing of rural products, modern building materials (including decorative materials and sanitary ware), production technology, modern household appliances and investment invitation for construction projects. ?
On April 22nd, 199 1, the city where Szverdlov lived became a sister city with Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. ?
On July 6, 2002, at 5438+00, the city became a sister city with Guangzhou.