1. In primary school mathematics, reduction refers to the process of reducing a fraction to the simplest form. When the numerator and denominator have a common factor, they can be divided by this common factor at the same time to make the values of the numerator and denominator smaller and get an equivalent but simpler score.

2. Find the common factor of numerator and denominator: First, determine the numerator and denominator of the fraction and find out their common factor, that is, their numbers can be divisible at the same time. Divide by common factor: divide the numerator and denominator by the found common factor at the same time, so that the values of numerator and denominator become smaller, but the values of fractions remain unchanged.

3. Determine the simplest form: repeat step 1 and step 2 until the numerator and denominator have no common factor, that is, coprime. The score obtained in this way is the simplest form and can't be lowered any more. Suppose a score is 8/ 12, we can find that their common factor is 4.

4. Divide 8 and 12 by 4 at the same time to get a simplified score of 2/3, which is the simplest form. The purpose of reduction is to facilitate the calculation and comparison of scores and make them clearer and easier to understand. When solving mathematical problems or operations, using the simplest form of fractions can make the calculation simpler and more accurate.

The concept of mathematics is as follows:

1, number sum operation: the basis of mathematics is number sum operation, including integer, decimal, fraction, percentage and other operations, as well as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Algebra: Algebra is a branch of mathematics, which involves the operation and reasoning of symbols, variables and equations. It studies the relationship between unknown quantity and known quantity, and solves problems such as equations, inequalities and functions.

2. Geometry: Geometry studies spatial concepts such as shape, size, position and relative relationship. It includes attributes and transformations of geometric shapes such as points, lines, surfaces, figures and solids, such as translation, rotation and scaling. Probability statistics: Probability statistics is a branch of studying random events and data analysis.

3. Probability is used to describe the possibility of an event, and statistics is used to collect, sort out and interpret data, and infer and predict through probability and inference. Calculus: Calculus is a branch of mathematics that studies changes and limits. It includes calculus, studying the derivative and rate of change of functions, and integral calculus, studying the area and cumulant under curves.

4. Number theory: Number theory is a branch that studies the properties and mathematical structure of integers. It discusses the properties of numbers, prime decomposition, greatest common divisor and least common multiple, etc. Linear algebra: linear algebra studies algebraic structures and operations such as vectors, matrices and linear equations. It is applied to geometry, physics, computer science and other fields.