Knowledge and ability

1. Understand the origin and process of Preface to Lanting Collection, understand the reasons why the author's feelings turned from joy to sadness, and the attachment and love for life implied in deep sighs.

2. Master the special phenomena of words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese.

Process and method

Through reading and understanding the meaning of the text, students help each other ask questions and explore important classical Chinese knowledge.

Attitude, emotional value

Appreciate the natural beauty described in the article, learn to care for nature, and establish a correct and positive outlook on life.

[learning focus]

Master? Repair, duration, time, reason and temporary? The polysemy of notional words, such as the flexible use of parts of speech and the accumulation of special sentence patterns in the text.

Clarify the thinking structure of the article and improve the reading ability of classical Chinese.

Taste the refined, beautiful, simple and fresh language in the text.

[Learning difficulties]

Deeply understand the author's mental journey and treat life and death correctly and positively.

[Curriculum] 2 class hours

[knowledge connection]

1, solve the problem

This article is selected from the Book of Jin? Biography of Wang Xizhi.

Lanting was a scenic spot in the southwest suburb of Huiji County during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Here, with beautiful scenery and elegant scenery, it was a place where celebrities and gentlemen often gathered at that time. Lanting is located at the foot of Zhu Lan Mountain in the southwest of Shaoxing 12.5km. According to legend, Gou Jian, King of Yue, planted orchids here. Han Dynasty was the location of posthouse, hence the name Lanting. Repeatedly, fully recovered at 1980.

2. Common sense about the type of order

Preface is a style, there are two kinds. One is the preface, and the other is the preface of the book. The latter is usually written in front of a book or anthology, mostly introducing the content and characteristics of the book, the process of writing this book, the purpose of writing this book and so on. Some are similar to expository writing, some are similar to narrative writing, some are like expository writing, and some are in the same style as prose, mostly written for poetry collections. Preface to Lanting Collection is such an article. ? Preface to Lanting Collection? That is, Preface to Lanting Collection.

3. The author

Wang Xizhi (32 1-379) was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (now Linyi County, Shandong Province). Later, he lived in Yinshan Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Born into a noble family, he is honest and frank, and strictly observes moral integrity. Lang started as a secretary and later joined the army with a long history. Worship the generals who protect the army and transfer them to the right army, and look at the internal history, which is called Wang Youjun. During his tenure, it coincided with the famine and opened positions to help the people. Because of falling out with Wang Shu, the boss of Yangzhou secretariat, he resigned due to illness. After that, he traveled under the forest and devoted himself to calligraphy.

Wang Xizhi is a famous calligrapher in ancient times. According to legend, Wang Xizhi studied calligraphy at the age of 7, and 12 read his previous calligraphy. I studied Wei Shuo when I was young and thought I was not bad. After crossing the river to visit the famous mountains in the north, I saw the calligraphy of famous artists such as Lisi and Zhong You, and saw the Stone Classics written by Cai Yong and Zhang Chang's "Luoyang Hua Yue Monument", before I began to realize that I was inferior. So I learned all the historic sites from this book and made great progress. Created a new style of heroic maneuver and pushed cursive script to a new level. His cursive script best embodies this artistic beauty. Commentators say

His pen gesture? If floating like a cloud, if you are afraid? , is it? Book saint? Known as. Wang Xizhi is broad-minded and likes natural landscapes. His prose is simple and elegant, with a long lasting appeal, which shows his literary skill.

4, the background of the times

Political terror in the Jin Dynasty, fighting and killing within the ruling group occurred from time to time. The scholar-officials were dissatisfied, generally advocating Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi and pursuing the life in quietism. The prevalence of metaphysics had a complicated influence on the thoughts, life and literary creation of scholars. The content of literary creation is gloomy, and the emotional appeal of reincarnation and escape from reality is very strong. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was very popular to talk about metaphysics of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and it was the time when metaphysics literature flooded. But Wang Xizhi turned against him? It's very good to want something, especially mysterious? He wrote a sincere, simple and natural beautiful prose "Preface to Lanting Collection". It not only occupies a place in the literary world of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but also enjoys a high reputation in the literary history of China.

5. Background of the article

On the third day of March every year, in order to eliminate disasters, the ancients swam by the water, which is called Xiu. On March 2nd, 9th year of Jin Yonghe (AD 353), Wang Xizhi (then a civil servant of Huiji), aged 565,438+0, invited 4/kloc-0 friends, including Xie An and Sun Chuo, to get together in Lanting and held a special poetry meeting. They let the Qushui drink flow (sit on both sides of Qushui, put the cup on clean water, let it drift, stop in front of anyone, and whoever improvises poetry will be punished). At that time, everyone was asked to write a poem of four words and five sentences. Later, Wang Xizhi compiled all the records of famous poets and poems in the past dynasties into a book, which is the preface to the collection of Lanting, which is the preface to the collection of Lanting. Calligraphy is also called Lanting Preface. For what? The best running script in the world? .

6. Sweet: ethyl, propenyl, butyl, heptyl, heptyl, heptyl, heptyl and non-decyl.

Gezhi: Ugly hasn't applied for going to sea this afternoon.

For example, the Revolution of 1911, the Reform Movement of 1898, and the treaty of mourning for ugliness.

[Learning Guidance Process]

first kind

[self-study]

1, mark the underlined Chinese characters with pinyin.

The ugly will be remembered () and repaired with a wedge (), and it will also be turbulent ()

It is a mistake to classify our sadness as the emotion of drowning.

2. Find interchangeable words and explain them.

(1) Yan house within one room ()

(2) Interesting and diverse ()

3. Translate sentences:

(1) Looking up at the vastness of the universe and overlooking the richness of categories, it is enough to enjoy the audience and believe in cola.

Translation:

(2) When he is happy with what he has encountered, he will get it from himself for the time being, and he will soon be self-sufficient and will never know when he is old.

Translation:

(3) The situation is short-lived, and it will eventually end.

Translation:

(4) As we all know, a dead life is a false birthday, and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake.

Translation:

(5) Although the world is different, pregnancy is a good thing.

Translation:

4, the overall perception of combing ideas.

(1) Find out the words of the author's emotional changes from the text?

(2) Fill in the blanks according to the content of the text and master the basic idea of the article:

The first paragraph of the text describes the grand occasion of Lanting gathering momentum. Firstly, it introduces the time, place and reason of the grand occasion. Then I described the people who attended the meeting. Then introduce the environment, atmosphere and weather where the grand event is held, and finally describe the behavior and mood of the participants.

The second paragraph discusses and explains this on the basis of the first paragraph? Poetry club? The origin of China's poetry. Let's talk about social and personnel entertainment first. Its sentence is, pointing out that although people have different lifestyles, their sentence is, different hobbies, different personalities, and their sentence is, but? Love goes with the flow? It feels the same. It is this feeling that arouses people's desire to write poems. Write this feeling in a poem. The sentence is.

The third paragraph explains the purpose of the poetry collection. Divided into two levels. The first layer expresses the feelings and enlightenment of ancient poetry, and its sentence is. The second layer explains the purpose of compiling poetry, and its sentence is.

[cooperative investigation]

1. What is the sequence of Lanting Festival described in paragraph 1 of this article?

2. What should the author do about this incident? Believe in coke? ,? Le? In what ways?

3. Read the second paragraph and summarize the problems discussed in the second paragraph with the original sentence of the text or your own words. Why the author? ache

Read the second paragraph. The author expressed his feelings after the banquet, and the lyric tone changed from joy to sadness. Why is there such a change?

[Training operation feedback correction]

1, explain? What? The meaning and usage of.

(1) Early spring ()

(2) although there is no string of silk and bamboo ()

(3) Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the prosperity of the category () ()

(4) Mrs Xiang ()

(5) Tired ()

(6) I still can't help but enjoy it ()

2. Explain the underlined words:

(1) Fixing things is also ()

(2) Ignoring the prosperity of categories ()

(3) So swimming is easy ()

(4) Enough for audio-visual entertainment ()

⑤ Mrs. Xiang ()

(6) The situation will shorten with the times, and it will be completed in the end () ()

(7) Life and death are also great ()

3. Point out the special sentence types:

(1) will meet at Lanting () in Huiji Mountain.

(2) treat it as a waste of water ()

(3) Although not as prosperous as string ()

(4) Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the prosperity of the category ()

(5) When he is satisfied with what he has encountered ()

(6) Life and death are also great. ( )

[expansion]

By who? Life and death are also great? What do you think of life and death?

[learning summary]

Second lesson

[self-study]

1, explain underlined words:

(1) Knowing that dead life is fake life () ()

(2) the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake ().

(3) Therefore, if you are pregnant, it will lead to one thing ()

(4) Later visitors will also be deeply impressed by Sven (Yu:) and Si:)

2. Point out the special sentence types:

(1) cannot be compared with chest ()

(2) I will also be impressed by Sven ()

(3) Knowing that a dead life is a false birth, Peng Qi's destruction is a mistake ()

3. Point out the flexible use of parts of speech in the following sentences.

A group of wise men are perfect: life and death are great;

Yiyan Yiyong: Very audio-visual and entertaining;

Peng Qi's mourning is an illusion: the dead life is a false birth;

Flowing and bending water: a better view;

[cooperative investigation]

1, the third paragraph, from? What about Lin? Speaking of. A dead life is a false birthday, and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake? What thoughts and feelings did the author express?

2. Many people say that this passage is based on? Sad? Is it true about the emotional tone? Sad? And then what? How to treat Wang Xizhi's outlook on life? How to understand Wang Xizhi's perception of life by combining texts or historical figures?

[Training operation feedback correction]

1. Finish Exercise 2 after class.

2. with what? Believe in coke? Are you online? Letter? The same sentence is: []

A. it is not beautiful, it is not beautiful.

B. Keep your word and do what you want.

C.the literary mind is beautiful

D Confucian scholars are good at trusting teachers, not ancient teachers.

3. with what? Still can't help but enjoy it? what's up With what? The same meaning is ()

A. people who don't take bribes will lose their lives.

B.enough audio-visual entertainment

C. Serve the world's wizards with the heart of Qin.

D the monarch and his subjects insisted on it to get a glimpse of the surrounding rooms.

The correct translation of the following sentence is: []

A: I'm satisfied with this. It's a thing of the past between pitches.

In the face of joy, the moment becomes the past.

B I know that a dead life is a false birth, and Peng Qi's sadness is a mistake.

It has always been known that it is absurd to regard death and life as the same, and it is also illusory to regard long life and short life as the same.

C. a lady's phase, pitching for a lifetime.

People associate with each other and spend their lives quickly.

D. Look at the present from today and look at the past from today.

Future generations should also look at our predecessors according to our people today.

[expansion]

What are you doing? After the viewer? How do you feel after reading this article?

[Abstract]

[Extracurricular reading]

Life ideal of blending Confucianism and Taoism

Appreciation of Preface to Lanting Collection

What is the Preface to Lanting Collection written by Wang Xizhi? The best running script in the world? And because of many original legends and stories in history, this running script is as ethereal as a dragon, as if it were something in the sky. However, in addition to its sacred position in the field of calligraphy art, the preface to Lanting Collection is also appreciated by ancient and modern book critics. The philosophical thinking revealed between the lines is profound and free, and the understanding of cosmic life is mixed with sadness and joy, but it strongly expresses the persistent attachment to life in sad feelings, which is really a wonderful chapter in the history of literary thought in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Wei and Jin Dynasties were a period of great change in the history of China. The prosperous cities and commodity economy in Qin and Han dynasties shrank relatively, and the manor economy has been consolidated and promoted day by day since the Eastern Han Dynasty. Adapted to this natural economy, the gentry class, which was divided, separated and in power for generations, occupied the center of the stage. The manifestation of social change in ideology and cultural psychology is the collapse of the dominant Confucian classics in Han Dynasty, and the tedious and pedantic Confucian classics finally collapsed under the impact of the turmoil of the times and the peasant revolution. On the contrary, it promoted the world outlook and outlook on life of the gentry, gentry and landlord class. To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone? Various thoughts that have been suppressed for hundreds of years have surged, and Buddhism, which has a fairly basic foundation in the Central Plains, has also had a far-reaching impact on scholars. In this way, a philosophical spirit of speculative rationality has been rediscovered, and freedom of thought has brought a fresh breath to literature. Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection is just one of the spokesmen of this trend of thought.

The preface explains the time and place of the banquet, and then describes the surrounding natural scenery. In Wang Xizhi's works, Huiji Mountain is full of vitality: warm late spring, like beautiful women in light green silk, lush trees and gloomy spring. Close look at the running water in front of you, clear and bright, flowing happily under your feet. All this life is so lively and towering, and people are in it, as if they were integrated into Kuaiji Mountain. In this passage, we can see the influence of Taoist thought on the author: every grass, tree, mountain and water is an equal life with people, and naturally they live in harmony with people.

The author connects the surrounding scenery with the universe and thinks that the universe is the place where everything exists. The sky is clear and sunny. Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the prosperity of categories? At this time, the author has not paid attention to the performance of specific scenery, but actively approached nature and expressed nature. Thinking wanders in the vast universe, infected with colorful natural life. The author's individual thinking has been in dialogue with Tianyu, and the surprise, happiness and intoxication produced by it make the author feel the preciousness of this moment and the magic and massiness of life.

Here, the author points to the essence of life from the perspective of a philosopher and discusses the situation of life. From birth to death is an inevitable natural law, and no matter how gorgeous life is, it cannot escape the tragic ultimate situation of death. Then, should we be as passive as Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi said, and should we believe in the predicted fate? Think of death and life as the same thing, and equate short life with long life?

Wang Xizhi gave a negative answer: although life will always come to an end, some people live mediocre and even harm others; Some people live vigorously and follow their inclinations. This kind of life may be just an infinitesimal dust in the vast universe, but it still has its value. As Cang Kejia said in his poem: Some people are alive, but they are dead; Some people died, but he is still alive. Wang Xizhi takes the article as an example. The lives of our predecessors have passed away, but the articles they left behind often make us? Can't the mourning in the text be compared to the mourning? . It can arouse the sense of * * * of future generations and find a bosom friend across time and space. This is the life value of the predecessors who wrote articles, and the dead people have not left a trace in the world. In this sense, life is both limited and infinite. In a limited time, we should create the value of life while people are still alive. In the infinite time of death, the value of life will be revealed by future generations. This philosophy of joining the WTO obviously has the influence of Confucianism: abandoning nothingness and not letting life pass easily. However, this kind of entry into the WTO is very different from that of Confucianism: Confucianism takes the world as its own responsibility, which is somewhat bound by fame and fortune and collectivity, while the entry into the WTO of Preface to Lanting Collection relies on the awakening of life consciousness and emphasizes the value of individual existence.

Looking back at this time, the author's description of natural scenery and thinking about the universe are actually expressing his life ideals. He thinks that such a life is valuable: having a cordial conversation with friends, getting rid of the intrusion of worldly trifles, getting close to nature, flying in nature, pursuing spiritual freedom and enjoying life to the fullest.

It's just Rainbow's running script, Preface to Lanting Collection, which accepts the natural harmony of Taoism, but it doesn't exist in nothingness, nor is it as boundless as cursive script. Pursuing the Confucian philosophy of joining the WTO has liberated individuals from it and gained more valuable freedom, which is not as rigorous as regular script. The perfect combination of elegance and strength is the ideal of Wang Xizhi's life and the essence of Preface to Lanting.