Question 2: Don't mathematics and logic belong to science? Whether mathematics and logic are science has always been controversial. Many people think that mathematics and logic are the basis of basic science or science, and they are part of science, but after Popper put forward the standard for science, he officially declared that they are not science.
Popper's standard for science is: only falsification, not proof. In other words, any scientific theory can only be proved to be untenable, but can not be proved to be established. For example, all swans found by human beings are white, so it is regarded as a scientific proposition (and a scientific hypothesis) to declare that swans are white. No matter how many white swans are found later, this proposition cannot be proved absolutely correct (confirmed), but as long as a black swan is found, this proposition will be falsified. This is the standard that Popper thinks that science can only be falsified but not proved.
Why is this happening? Because scientific propositions are full-name judgments and belong to universal knowledge, the empirical basis of scientific understanding is carried out on a single object, and no scientist can conduct "full-name experiments" unless he is God. So all scientific theories are hypotheses, which may be falsified at any time, but they can never be proved. Although another philosopher, Carnap (logical positivism), put forward the scientific standard of verifiability, it is not contradictory with Popper, because Carnap's "verification" is logical self-consistency within experience and does not involve the ultimate truth.
By this standard, mathematics and logic are not science, because they are tools of falsification, and they cannot be falsified by themselves. Human beings must believe that logic and mathematics are reliable, otherwise they cannot prove any knowledge. Hume called mathematics and philosophy "inevitable truths", which means that human beings must believe in their reliability, and they are self-evident. Metaphysics and theology also think about the hypothesis that mathematics and logic are untenable, but it is meaningless to scientifically judge such thinking because it is transcendental and cannot be falsified.
Popper believes that although mathematics and logic are not science, their status may be higher than science itself, because they are the "authorities" that issue scientific licenses to knowledge, that is, the ways and methods for human beings to obtain science. There are two basic conditions for a proposition to be regarded as knowledge: first, it conforms to experience, and second, it conforms to logic and mathematical deduction. Therefore, if mathematics and logic are not "self-evident" truths, the building of human knowledge will have no foundation.
In the history of western civilization, there are not a few people who deny the authority of God, but few people who deny logic and mathematics because they are too basic. Unfortunately, however, China people challenged mathematics and logic. There are several obvious means: 1, to popularize the Olympic mathematics in primary and secondary schools, that is, to establish a brain teaser "anti-mathematics" thinking mode outside traditional mathematics to prevent children from forming mathematical thinking; 2. It is very simple to know that there is no systematic logic course in universities, but it is "forced" to offer logic courses in law and other majors; 3. Strengthen memorizing arithmetic instead of geometry in basic mathematics education, because geometry is more inclined to pure logical deduction; 4. A large number of abacus mental arithmetic, an "algorithm course" of non-mathematical thinking. In other words, it is absolutely incomprehensible that such a huge nation should weaken mathematics and logic in basic education.
Although logic and mathematics are not science in themselves, they are the mother of science. Without the knowledge of mathematics and logic, China people generally lack the ability to understand and create science, showing a kind of ignorance. It can be said that this kind of education is a kind of destruction of people's natural rationality and an anti-intellectual education, and the consequences are unimaginable. Now China people's scientific chaos has shown this incredible self-harm.
Question 3: Why is mathematics a science? Mathematics is a science;
Mathematics is a science that studies the relationship between spatial form and quantity in the real world. It is divided into elementary mathematics and advanced mathematics. It is widely used in scientific development and modern life production, and is an essential basic tool for studying and studying modern science and technology.
Mathematics (hanyu pinyin: shùXué；; ; Greek: μ α θ η μ α κ; English: Mathematics/Math) comes from the ancient Greek word μθξμα(máthēma), which means learning, learning and science, and also has a narrow and technical meaning-"mathematical research".
Question 4: Mathematics in science: the relationship between human or animal survival and plants.
Not long ago, our family moved into a new house. Just moved home, my uncle and aunt sent some pots of flowers and trees. Bonsai is placed at the door, living room, room and balcony. I said to my father, "We have a botanical garden at home. Why do we have so many plants? " Dad smiled and said, "Plants can create an atmosphere and purify the air. People and animals cannot do without them. " People or animals cannot live without plants? Why can't people or animals live without plants? I'll be skeptical. Decided to do a few small experiments to prove the problem.
On Sunday, I caught two mice from the garage. These two poor little mice will be my experiments. They have been struggling, and the round disposable film tablecloth stared at me with small eyes. I put the first mouse in a big fish tank and sealed the glass bottle tightly, for fear that the air in the bottle would communicate with the outside air. I watched carefully and saw the little mouse running quickly around the bottom of the cylinder against the wall. Hey, isn't the mouse alive and well? Isn't it true what dad said? However, in a few minutes, I saw the little mouse winding slower and slower until it was stagnant and dying. Suddenly, I gently removed the disposable film tablecloth, grabbed the first mouse, put the second mouse in, and moved into four pots of leafy plants. Then gently cover the disposable film tablecloth. I kept patting the fish tank and saw the little mouse scurrying about in panic. After a long time, I don't want to die. This experiment proves that plants can transport the oxygen that animals need.
In order to further prove the dependence of humans and animals on plants. I came to a feed processing factory near our hometown. The air there is full of dust noise, which makes me cough. I feel very uncomfortable. Then, I ran to a bamboo forest behind our house. It is a place with fresh air, and I feel extremely refreshing. This experiment proves that plants can purify the air. Let people breathe smoothly.
These two experiments prove that the survival of human beings and animals is closely related to plants. How scientific is this? Our scientific and technological team came to the library to consult a lot of scientific and technological books, and also went to the electronic north reading room of the school for online inquiry, and summarized the following points: ① People must rely on plants to provide oxygen, and only plants can make oxygen. If a person doesn't eat or drink for a few days, he may die in a few minutes. Oxygen is the first need of human life activities! An adult breathes about 20,000 times a day, inhaling 0.75 kg of oxygen and exhaling 0.9 kg of carbon dioxide. (2) Breathing of animals and plants and burning of substances also consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide. So, isn't there more oxygen in the air every day? No, this crisis has never happened between heaven and earth because plants are both "factories" of natural oxygen and "vast markets" of carbon dioxide. According to statistics, 1 hectare of broad-leaved forest can produce 750 kilograms of oxygen and eat 1 1,000 kilograms of carbon dioxide every day during the growing season. Therefore, as long as there are 6,543,800 square meters of trees, it can supply a person with oxygen demand and absorb exhaled carbon dioxide. Because there are plants that constantly supplement oxygen, the oxygen in the air can be kept basically constant. On the contrary, if there are no plants, the oxygen on the earth can be used up in about 500 years.
Therefore, human beings and animals can sustain life, and the oxygen needed for activities must be attributed to green plants. Plants are closely related to our human and animal lives. Here, the students in Class 4 (1) of our experimental primary school appeal to people in the whole society to stop cutting down plants and make them our best friends.
Question 5: What is mathematics? Mathematical Concept Mathematics is a science to study the relationship between spatial form and quantity, a scientific language and an effective tool to describe the laws of nature and society. Mathematical science is the foundation of natural science, technical science and other sciences, and plays an increasingly important role in the development of economic science, social science and humanities. The application of mathematics is more and more extensive, and it permeates every aspect of social life. Its combination with computer technology has directly created various values for the society and promoted the development of social productive forces. Mathematics plays a unique and irreplaceable role in the process of forming human rational thinking and promoting individual intelligence development. Mathematics is an important part of human culture, and mathematics quality is the basic quality that citizens must have.
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Question 6: What science is mathematics? Therefore, whether mathematics is a science or not depends on what you really want to ask. What makes you feel the need to ask this question? Why do you suddenly want to ask when you see that mathematics can't be falsified? This move seems to mean that you thought mathematics was science, and then when you saw that mathematics might not be science, you had doubts about mathematics itself. Is that so? If so, I'll ask you again. If it's not science, why do you think something is questionable? Do you think that only science is reliable knowledge? Or, your doubt is not about reliability but about value, so do you think only science is valuable knowledge? You have to think these questions clearly before you can discuss whether mathematics is a science or not.
Question 7: What is the connection between mathematics and science? I think science includes mathematics, because science is very extensive and is the lifeblood of a country. Otherwise, science and technology will not be said to be the primary productive force. A developed country must be developed in science and technology. Only by learning mathematics well can we do science better.
Question 8: What is mathematics? Mathematical concept is a science to study the relationship between spatial form and quantity, a scientific language and an effective tool to describe the laws of nature and society. Mathematical science is the foundation of natural science, technical science and other sciences, and plays an increasingly important role in the development of economic science, social science and humanities. The application of mathematics is more and more extensive, and it permeates every aspect of social life. Its combination with computer technology has directly created various values for the society and promoted the development of social productive forces. Mathematics plays a unique and irreplaceable role in the process of forming human rational thinking and promoting individual intelligence development. Mathematics is an important part of human culture, and mathematics quality is the basic quality that citizens must have.
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Question 9:/ What does it mean in mathematics? 10 fractional mathematics is a science that studies concepts such as quantity, structure, change and spatial model. By using abstract and logical reasoning, the shape and motion of objects are counted, calculated, measured and observed. The basic elements of mathematics are: logic and intuition, analysis and reasoning, individuality and individuality.
Question 10: When did mathematics become an independent science? British scholar Bacon first proposed that "pedagogy" is an independent science in the article On the Value and Development of Science (1623).