(2) As can be seen from Figure B, the penetration ability of alpha rays is the weakest, while that of gamma rays is the strongest. When the 1mm aluminum plate on the badge and the photographic film under the 3mm aluminum plate are exposed, but the photographic film under the lead plate is not exposed, it can be known that the workers have been irradiated by β rays; When all photographic negatives are exposed to light, workers are exposed to gamma rays.
(2) A. Rutherford's A particle scattering experiment reveals the nuclear structure model of atoms, so A is wrong.
B, inspired by Planck's quantum theory, Einstein put forward photon theory in the study of photoelectric effect, so B is correct.
C, nuclear reaction equation? 23892U→? 23490Th+？ He belongs to alpha decay, so C is wrong.
D, according to λ = HP, it is known that the wavelength of macroscopic matter wave is very small, so it is difficult to observe its fluctuation, so D is wrong.
E According to Einstein's equation of mass and energy, E=mc2, the energy possessed by an object is directly proportional to its mass, so e is correct.
The beta rays produced by the decay of F and β are produced by the neutrons in the nucleus converted into protons and electrons, so F is wrong.
G, neutrons and protons combine to form deuterium, and mass defects release energy, so G is wrong.
H, the size of the half-life is determined by the internal factors of the nucleus and has nothing to do with temperature. So, H is wrong.
First, after photons are irradiated by hydrogen atoms, the energy decreases and the orbital radius decreases. According to ke2r2=mv2r, the kinetic energy of electrons increases and the potential energy decreases. So, I was wrong.
J Any metal has a "maximum wavelength", and the wavelength of incident light must be less than this wavelength to produce photoelectric effect. Therefore, J is correct.
So choose BEJ ..
(3)① Studying the process of bullets and objects, the conservation of momentum is: MV0 = MV ′+MAV.
V = m (v0？ v′)MA = 4m/s
Similarly, the M and MA systems are as follows:
MA v=(M+MA)v automobile
The final speed of the flatbed car substituted by data is: v car = mavm+ma = 2m/s.
② According to energy transformation and conservation, the kinetic energy lost by the system is the mechanical energy lost in the whole process.
So e-loss = ekm-(e' km+ekm+ekma) = 2392j.
(3) In the same way, it can be seen from the analysis that all the mechanical energy lost by the object and the flatbed car is converted into system heat, assuming that the sliding distance of A on the flatbed car is s.
And then Q=μMA gs= 12MAv2? 12(M+MA)v2 car
Therefore, s=0.8m is substituted into the data.
So the answer is: (1)① concrete? ②β; γ(2)BEJ
③①2m/s，②2392J。 ③0.8m。