Charles Hermite (1822—1901) is a French mathematician. Graduated from the Paris Institute of Technology. He used to be a professor at the French Academy, the Paris Higher Normal School and the University of Paris. Academician of French Academy of Sciences. Important discoveries have been made in function theory, higher algebra, differential equations and so on.

Chinese name: Hermite

Mbth: CharlesHermite

Nationality: France

Place of birth: Diyoz

Date of birth: 1822. 12.24

Date of death:1901.1.14.

Occupation: Mathematician

Graduate school: Paris Institute of Technology.

Faith: Catholicism

Main achievements: Hermite polynomials

Representative work: elliptic function theory

outline

Hermite, French mathematician. Born in Jerez, Lorraine. Studied at the Technical University of Paris. He has been a tutor of Paris Polytechnic University, a lecturer of Paris Teachers College and a professor of advanced algebra at Sorbonne University. He is also a member of the Royal Society and the French Academy of Sciences. Committed to the study of elliptic function theory and its application. Using elliptic function to establish the solution of quintic equation. A class of orthogonal polynomials -Hermite polynomials (also known as Chebyshev polynomials), the similarity between polynomials and multivariables, and the algebraic representation of integers are studied fruitfully. It is proved that the transcendental I of number e introduces a special bilinear form (Hermite form). There are many mathematical concepts and theorems named after Hermite. Such as matrix, operator, tensor, space, clustering, etc. In addition, I also study classical mathematical analysis, complex variable function theory, differential and integral equation theory, geometry and so on. He is the author of Elliptic Function Theory, Analysis Course and nearly 200 papers.

life experience

Hermite's father, FeldinandHermite, was a man with a strong artistic tendency. He studied engineering and worked in a salt mine not far from Dijoz for some time. Later, he accepted the invitation of an in-law, left the salt mine to engage in cloth trading, and then left the business to his wife to manage, so that his artistic hobbies could be freely exerted. Hermite is the sixth of his seven children. Hermite was born with a disability in his right leg. He was lame all his life and had to walk with crutches.

Hermite received his parents' enlightenment education. Due to business development, his family moved to Nancy on 1829. Here, because business activities occupy almost all parents' time, they send several children to Nancy public middle school as boarders. After graduating from high school, Hermite went to Paris for further study. He first studied at Henry IV College, 1840 transferred to Louis the Great College, and prepared to apply for the Paris Institute of Technology. This university is where Galois studied. Professor Richard, who taught Hermite mathematics, taught Galois Hermite only 15 years ago. He is not particularly careful when preparing for the exam course, but he is keen on reading all kinds of books. He also carefully studied C.F. Gauss's masterpiece Arithmetic Research, and really mastered it. No matter at that time or later, only a few people really mastered this work. He also read and understood J.L. Lagrange's works on algebraic solutions of algebraic equations. He later said, "It was from these two books that I learned algebra." His poor exam results but rich mathematical knowledge made Professor Richard once tell his father that Hermite was "a young Lagrange".

Hermite's first two papers were published in 1842 French New Mathematical Yearbook, which was written when he was studying at Louis the Great. The first one is an exercise about analytic geometry of conic section, without any creativity. The second paper shows extraordinary creativity. In this paper entitled "Discussion on Algebraic Solution of Quintic Equation", he tried to prove the impossibility of radical solution of quintic equation without knowing the works of P. Ruffini and N. H. Abel. This article was later included in his collection.

1842, Hermite was admitted to the Paris Polytechnic with a low score of 68th, although he was already a mathematician at that time, even a mathematician who had been far higher than some people who tested him. Hermite studied in a comprehensive engineering school for only one year, and was expelled from the school because of the disability of his right leg. At this time, he was already famous in the field of mathematics, and had close contacts with J.W. Alexadre and J.L.F. Bertrand. He hopes to find a job as a teacher and make a living and continue his research work on this basis. But it requires a degree, so when he was 24 years old, he had to interrupt his research work to master what he was not interested in. 1847 passed the exam and got a bachelor's degree.

During this period, his mathematics level has been greatly improved. He has learned about the work of A.L. Cauchy and J. joseph liouville on general functions, and he is also familiar with the work of C.G.J Jacoby on elliptic functions and hyperelliptic functions. Hermite combined the above two fields and showed a high degree of mathematical ability. His preliminary work in this field confirmed his position in the field of mathematics. In Dabu's words, Hermite is now one of the first-rate mathematicians. Hermite's main mathematical worksheets in this period are now in his six letters to Zhi (from 1843 to 1850). Jacoby published abstracts of these letters in crell magazine and included them in his own works, as well as in the second volume of Jacobian Works edited by P.G.L. Dirichlet. During his life, Hermite's correspondence with other mathematicians had a great scientific influence.

Hermite's achievements in mathematics have attracted the attention of academic circles. 1848 was appointed as a member of the entrance examination committee of the Paris Institute of Technology. After that, it was very active at 10. 1852 was elected as an academician of the Paris Academy of Sciences, with 40 votes out of 48.

1862, through the work of L. Pasteur, the Paris Institute of Technology established the post of teacher director for Hermite. The following year, he was appointed as the examiner of the school, and has been in this position until 1867. This year, he succeeded J.M.C Duhamel as a professor of analysis at the Paris Institute of Technology, and at the same time became a professor at the Paris Institute of Science, teaching algebra first and then analysis. His analysis course is famous both at home and abroad. 1876, Hermite resigned from the Paris Polytechnic, 1897, resigned from the Paris Institute of Science and retired. He is an honorary member of many national societies and societies and has won many medals. 1892 On his 70th birthday, the European scientific community congratulated him together. It is said that this is a rare honor for a mathematician.

Hermite's wife is LoniseBertrand, the sister of J.L.F. Bertrand. They have two daughters, one of whom became the wife of E. Picard. In Paris, Hermite lived next door to the famous linguist E. Bournoff, which gave him the opportunity to study Sanskrit and Gibbons. 1856, Hermite died of severe smallpox. Influenced by A.L. Cauchy, he converted to Catholicism and later became a devout Catholic. His works were later edited and published by pickup truck in 1905- 19 17.

Main contribution

Hermite has done a lot of research on pure mathematics and applied mathematics, including general theory of function theory, special function theory, number theory, algebraic theory and mechanical problems. He has published about 200 books and papers, and his main achievement lies in the theory of elliptic function and its application. In 1892, he wrote: "I can't leave the oval field. If the goat is tied there, it must eat grass there. " He created the basic results of elliptic function theory and studied the connection with number theory. He applied elliptic modulus function to solve the general quintic equation and dealt with the mechanical problems involving this function. He is also famous for proving the transcendence of E and introducing Hermite polynomials.

In classical mathematical analysis, complex variable function theory, differential equation theory, geometry and other aspects, Hermite also has research. Besides Hermite polynomials, there are many mathematical concepts and theorems, such as matrices, operators, tensors, spaces and clusters, which are also named after Hermite.