I will talk to you about how to write a good project declaration from the definition of core concepts, access to relevant research literature at home and abroad, research ideas, research objectives, research contents and research methods, so as to make the evaluation experts have a good impression and improve the pass rate of the project.
This is an application summary of the general discipline of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" of educational science in a province. I intercepted two parts, from which I found some key elements to share.
We often fill in the cover of the project evaluation book without the title, because the title of the project is not the title, just write it directly; There are usually instructions for filling out the form on the second page of the cover. Read the header of "Project Design Demonstration" in the audit report carefully;
The second and third parts of the general introduction all mentioned the experiences of the members of the research group and the requirements for publishing papers, so I won't repeat them here.
The above are some elements of project design demonstration, so you should think deeply when writing.
The first is the definition of the core concept, which mainly discusses the subject, object, scope and method of the research, that is, to let people know the basic connotation of the research.
The so-called core concept is the concept that can reflect the research theme or main content. When defining the core concept, it is generally necessary to introduce the general meaning and specific meaning of the concept. The so-called general meaning is the meaning of the concept itself, which can be found in modern Chinese dictionaries. The so-called concrete meaning is how to use it in this topic. That is, we often say the connotation and extension.
For example, this topic is "Study on the Inheritance of Representative Chinese Character Teaching Thoughts and Styles in Supai Primary Schools". The so-called proposition, according to the Modern Chinese Dictionary, is "holding some opinions on how to act". Teaching proposition is a firm view on teaching and teaching reform. This view is personalized, unique and stable. It points to action, insists on its application in teaching practice, is verified and develops accordingly.
Sometimes, we also define some specific concepts.
Practical Research on the "3+2" Model of Moral Education in Junior Middle School
"3+2" is a concrete concept: recitation in the morning, lunch break, thinking in the evening, a moral education class and a lecture. Here is a brief definition of the specific concept of "3+2".
In short, only by grasping the core concepts can the research of the subject be more accurate and scientific.
The definition of the core concept of the subject that is easy to appear in writing
(1) The title is not clearly defined;
(2) Lack of definition of scope;
(3) The content of the definition is inconsistent with this study.
A summary of related research literature at home and abroad
In the summary of domestic and international research status, the applicant should read a lot of literature, and analyze the domestic and international research status, progress, development trend and whether the problems related to this project have been solved according to the references. The summary of the research status at home and abroad should summarize the existing research results, and when we summarize this piece, we should carry out it according to the research field. Not just through the author's casual writing.
After sorting out the existing research, it is necessary to comment. Everyone evaluates from three angles: advantages, disadvantages and blank points. How to make an accurate evaluation? Guided by the theory of "Three Cows": After reading an ox cart, you will definitely be able to evaluate the research direction of this topic. At the same time, we also found the necessity of studying this topic.
When choosing reference materials, we have a principle that if we have first-hand information, we don't need second-hand information; There are famous authoritative materials, not general materials; There are official materials, but no internal materials; There are directly related materials, but there are no indirectly related materials;
3. 1 Basic ideas
The research idea is the guiding ideology and general route of the research, including three stages: finding problems, analyzing problems and solving problems.
The research ideas should reflect the logical relationship of the research process and show the basic ideas of the research to the evaluation experts.
Expression: first ... second ... last. ...
The method of writing research ideas: write closely around the research content, connect the research content in series with related words, and do not miss the research content or add new research content.
A common research idea is: first, theoretical research and literature review are carried out in the early stage of research; Second, conduct empirical research, investigate and analyze the survey results, and establish a factual basis; Third, enter the exploration stage and propose a new system; Fourth, summarize the achievements, test and improve the achievements.
For example, the personalized study of text interpretation in middle school Chinese reading teaching.
According to the research goal, the basic idea of this study is to reveal the connotation, analyze the reality, explore the factors and construct the system. Specifically, it includes: revealing the connotation and value of "individualization of text interpretation", analyzing the realistic deficiency of "individualization of text interpretation", exploring the internal and external factors affecting "individualization of text interpretation" and constructing the target system of "individualization of text interpretation"; Explore the teaching strategy of "individualization of text interpretation", summarize and screen typical cases of "individualization of text interpretation", and thus build a relatively perfect research system.
3. Research content
In project application, it is called basic content, basic problem, main content, specific problem, etc. , presented as a first-class title. The research content is the core of the research and design part of the application, which is closely related to other parts of the application. The research content is the main line and soul of research design. Determining the research content is an important link in filling out the application. When evaluating applications, the experts are most concerned about the research content. Writing this chapter will greatly improve the pass rate of the application.
The research topic is a high summary of the research content. The research content is the refinement and explanation of the subject, the concretization of the research objectives and ideas, and the clarity of the specific issues that researchers should study.
There are some skills in writing research content: research content generally includes mechanism, mode, practice, system, influence, strategy, policy, system, path, problems, countermeasures, standards, status quo, factors, mode, value, system and so on. These are the presentation forms of research contents, including description, analysis, discussion, revelation, clarification, construction, proposal, exploration and inquiry.
For example, the investigation and study on the implementation of information technology curriculum in compulsory education stage.
1. Describe the current situation of information technology curriculum implementation in compulsory education.
Through literature review, this paper describes the school management level, teacher allocation, textbook version and use, and describes it in different sectors, regions and levels.
2. Analyze the problems existing in the implementation of information technology courses in compulsory education.
The research group will contact the education management department and the teaching material development department for investigation, learn about students, teachers, principals and administrators through interviews, and find out the existing problems.
3. According to the analysis of the reasons, put forward the countermeasures for the implementation of information technology curriculum in education stage.
On the basis of investigating the facts and combining with the national development plan, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on the facts of information technology courses in different classes and schools in different regions.
Innovative research on experimental teaching of new chemistry curriculum in middle schools
1. Investigation and study on the present situation, demand and characteristics of chemical experiment teaching under the background of new curriculum
The contents of the survey include the present situation of experimental teaching, the main problems and specific problems, the investigation of the use of new experimental technologies and the subjects' understanding and attitude towards new experimental technologies.
2. Development of teaching resources based on innovative experimental design
Including basic hardware and supporting software, around the key and difficult experiments in junior and senior high school chemistry curriculum standards and experimental textbooks, the basic operating norms of middle school chemistry green experiments are designed, including the basic operating norms of experiments and typical cases, such as experimental teaching curriculum resources such as experimental design, teaching cases and teaching courseware.
3. Research on innovative teaching mode of experimental teaching.
On the basis of developing teaching resources, choose teaching methods that can improve classroom efficiency and promote effective learning. After research, development and induction, it has become a teaching strategy with extensive guiding significance and can be widely enjoyed, that is, teaching mode.
5. Main objectives
The goal of the research is to achieve specific goals and solve specific problems.
First, we should clearly and specifically solve what problems, rather than talk in general terms;
Second, don't say or say less about the final process;
Third, the goal should be closely related to the theme, specific, clear, accurate and concise, and should not be extended too much.
Fourth, the research content is highly summarized.
Writing research objectives should refer to the research content. The research goal is the expression form of the research content. The research goal highly summarizes the research content, which can correspond to the research content one by one. The research goal can be written as a natural paragraph.
For example, describe the current situation of the implementation of information technology curriculum in compulsory education, analyze the problems existing in the implementation of information technology curriculum in compulsory education, and put forward the countermeasures for the implementation of information technology curriculum in education according to the reasons analyzed.
This paper reveals the present situation of moral education in junior middle schools, investigates and analyzes the problems and reasons in moral education, and constructs the implementation path of "3+2" moral education model to solve the problems, which verifies the effectiveness of this path.
Skills of writing research objectives: When writing research objectives, we should pay close attention to the research content and connect the subtitle of the research content with related words. Be careful not to appear outside the research content.
6. Research methods
There are many research methods. There is no difference between good and bad research methods, and they all have their own characteristics, conditions and scope of use. Therefore, for the research topic, the necessary and most suitable method is the good method. At the same time, we should pay attention to the collocation and comprehensive application of various methods, and determine three or four research methods suitable for the actual situation of this topic. Order is the most important method before, and the secondary method after. The expression of research methods should not only explain the concept of methods, but also introduce how to use research methods, and combine the concretization of the research process to make the research process correspond to the research methods.
The general requirements for filling in research methods are: research methods should be universal, recognized by the industry, targeted and operable, such as literature, questionnaire, observation, interview, investigation, experimental research, case study, action research and comparative research. And you can't have your own method names, such as actual combat drills, discussion and speculation, etc.
For example, it is a research method of collecting data through written questions, that is, investigators prepare a list of investigation items, distribute or mail them to relevant personnel, ask for answers, and then collect, sort out, count and study them.
In this study, 4000 senior high school students in five districts 10 will be investigated by questionnaire and interview from four dimensions: teaching materials, teachers, teaching equipment and students, and 20 teachers and 30 students will be interviewed by simple random sampling to describe the current situation of innovative experimental teaching in the new chemistry curriculum.
Description: The name of the standard research method, with appropriate expansion to explain how the research method will be used in the research.
Writing research method content: decompose each research content into several research methods, and sort out the research methods to ensure that the research content is not omitted or increased.
7. Research hypothesis
There are research hypotheses in the design part of the manifesto, which puzzles many teachers. What is research hypothesis and how to write it? In some declarations, research hypothesis is also called core viewpoint, theoretical hypothesis, main viewpoint and important viewpoint. The importance of courseware.
Simple analogy, around the research content, judge the relationship between the research content. Research hypothesis must be a closely related topic, and research hypothesis is a judgment sentence. The general statement is: this study believes that ...
Take a popular example: Xiao Bai and Xiao Fang have a headache because of drinking coffee. Suppose 1 and 2 are viewpoints, and solve the corresponding problems according to this viewpoint.
For example, the research assumptions in the topic of "Investigation and Countermeasures of Citizen Literacy of Primary and Secondary School Students" are as follows:
This study holds that the civic literacy of primary and secondary school students consists of five aspects: political awareness, civic awareness, civic common sense, civic morality and civic skills. At present, there are some deficiencies in the civic literacy of primary and secondary school students in China in the above five aspects, which leads to some deviations in the social identity and social behavior of primary and secondary school students in China. In view of this, we must change the content system of civic literacy of primary and secondary school students, improve the training channels and institutionalize them, so as to improve the civic literacy of primary and secondary school students.
The hypothesis of this study is that "there are some deficiencies in the civic literacy of primary and secondary school students in China in the above five aspects, which leads to some deviations in the social identity and social behavior of primary and secondary school students in China", which is a decisive sentence, that is, assuming that there are some deficiencies in a phenomenon.
8. Research steps
Implementation steps are also called research process, research steps, etc. The implementation steps are closely related to the research ideas and contents. Filling in the implementation steps requires that the time schedule should be based on the approval of the project, and the time schedule of implementation steps should be reasonable. In short, the time allocation of a study can be divided into four stages: preparation stage, data collection stage, data analysis and synthesis stage, report and publication stage.
The method of compiling the implementation steps: mainly distribute the research content to each research stage, without omitting or adding the research content.
It is not recommended to describe the implementation steps as three stages, namely, planning stage, implementation stage and summary stage.
The implementation steps should correspond to the research contents, and clearly state what research contents have been completed in each time period.
For example, the practical research on the promotion of teachers' professional development by online teaching and research.
From September 20 17 to June 20 1 17, we went deep into the front line of teaching, conducted teaching observation, questionnaire survey and in-depth interview, and completed the investigation report "Promoting Teachers' Professional Development Theme and Network Use".
From 20 17 to 20 12-2019 to12, the online teaching and research model with regional characteristics was built, and practical research on teaching and research activities was carried out with the help of different themes and online platforms to promote teachers' professional development, obtain specific cases, form research data and form a series of papers.
From June 5438+ 10 in 2020 to May 2020, the case of "On-line Teaching and Research Learning Practice Research for Promoting Teachers' Professional Development" was completed, and the final work was prepared and the research report was written.
The feasibility analysis of the research is mainly to state the research situation of our team. The research conditions include their previous research achievements, research strength and time guarantee, funding guarantee, human resources guarantee and even research policy guarantee. The school is rich in books, well-equipped with medicines, smooth network and supported by the school. At this time, teachers with relevant research results are more likely to gain trust in research strength.
We must remind you about references. We must choose the type of literature on the shoulders of giants, and the latest, authoritative and diversified literature can ensure the significance of research.
Pay attention to the writing format.
Name, title, place of publication, publishing house, year of publication, reading start page. Write clearly the classification of references, monographs, papers and newspaper articles.
Above, we elaborated the specification for filling in the content of the project application review. In the process of practical application, some projects were eliminated because of nonstandard formats. Imagine a book whose cover doesn't even appeal to you. Are you interested in reading its contents?
What should I pay special attention to in this case?
1, font and font size should be standardized.
2. The line spacing should be uniform.
3. The serial number of the title should be standardized.
4, the binding is neat.