The common method is causal inference, which aims to determine the real causal relationship between two variables by modeling and analyzing the causal relationship. Some methods include causality diagram analysis, structural equation model and counterfactual analysis. These methods can help us better understand the relationship between variables and predict their future behavior more accurately.

Causality refers to the relationship between two or more things, in which the change of one thing will lead to the change of the other. In causality, we believe that one event or factor directly leads to the occurrence or existence of another.