2. Because the memory ability and information processing ability of dolphin brain are equivalent to that of primates, if humans can communicate with dolphins, they should be able to get a lot of valuable information about marine animals and learn different expressions and thinking modes. When diving with dolphins, you will find that dolphins are quite noisy animals. According to the recorded investigation records, dolphins use ultrasonic calls with frequencies above 200-350 kHz for "echolocation", while human hearing range is between 16-20 kHz, so human beings cannot hear the ultrasonic waves emitted by dolphin echolocation. Therefore, the dolphin calls we hear in the water may be part of the low-frequency sounds that dolphins use to communicate with each other. The premise of human communication with dolphins is to understand the language of dolphins, so it is necessary to analyze the correlation between the sound and behavior of dolphins. In fact, as long as there is suitable recording equipment, the sound of dolphins can be analyzed. However, the parallel connection between sound and behavior is not easy to master. At present, people can't exactly understand the meaning of various sounds made by dolphins. In order to let humans communicate with dolphins, the second method is to let dolphins learn human language. More than 20 years ago, experts from Ocean University of America used this method to develop the intelligence of dolphins. At present, under the training of experts, dolphins have been able to learn and understand the meanings of words and complex sentences from the gestures of trainers, and make appropriate responses, but they have not yet reached the realm of free exchange of information with people. Whether studying the correlation between dolphin's voice and behavior or teaching dolphins to learn human language, the ultimate goal of mutual understanding and communication between humans and dolphins is still quite far away.
3. Frogs crouch in rice fields, occasionally blinking their big protruding eyes. Although there was a moth parked on the straw in front of him, he turned a blind eye. However, as soon as the moth spread its wings and took off, the frog jumped up with lightning speed, opened its mouth wide, turned out the tip of its tongue, stuck the moth at once and hooked it into its mouth. In order to find out why frogs wait for moths to take off before attacking, bionics scientists conducted special experimental research on frogs. It turns out that the nerve cells in the retina of frog eyes are divided into five categories, one of which only responds to colors, and the other four only respond to a certain feature of the moving target, and can transmit the decomposed feature signals to the visual center of the brain-the optic tectum. There are four layers of nerve cells on the optic tectum. The first layer reacts to the contrast of moving objects. The second layer can extract the convex edge of the target; The third layer only sees the peripheral edge of the target; The fourth layer only cares about the change of light and shade of the dark front edge of the target. These four layers of features are like painting on four transparent papers, overlapping together, which is a complete image. Therefore, among all kinds of fast-flying small animals, the frog can immediately recognize the flies and moths it likes, but has no reaction to other flying things and still scenery. Bionics knew the principle and structure of frog's eye and invented electronic frog's eye. In modern warfare, the enemy may launch missiles to attack our targets. At this time, we can launch anti-missile to intercept each other's missiles, but the enemy may also send signals to disturb our sight in order to confuse us. On the battlefield, the true and false missiles launched by enemy planes, tanks and ships are changing rapidly. To defeat the enemy, it is necessary to distinguish the true and false missiles in time. By combining electronic frog eyes with radar, we can track the real target in flight as quickly as frog eyes.
4. The windward ear of jellyfish, imitating the structure and function of jellyfish ear, designed a storm predictor of jellyfish ear, which can predict the storm 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to navigation and fishery safety.
According to the visual principle of frog eye, people have successfully developed an electronic frog eye. This kind of electronic frog's eyes can accurately identify objects with specific shapes like real frog's eyes. After installing electronic frog eyes in radar system, the anti-jamming ability of radar is greatly improved. This radar system can quickly and accurately identify aircraft, ships and missiles with specific shapes. In particular, it can distinguish between true and false missiles and prevent false confusion.
6. By simulating the incomplete photosynthetic mechanism of cyanobacteria, a bionic photolysis device will be designed to obtain a large amount of hydrogen.
7. According to the study of human skeletal muscle system and bioelectricity control, a human strength enhancer-walking machine is copied.
8. The hook of modern crane originated from the claws of many animals.
9. The corrugated roof imitates the proportion of animals.
10. Paddles imitate fish fins.
1 1. Saw mantis arms, or saw grass.
12. Xanthium sibiricum was inspired and invented velcro.
13. The lobster with sensitive sense of smell provides people with the idea of making odor detectors.
14. Gecko toes provide an encouraging prospect for manufacturing reusable adhesive tapes.
15. The colloid generated by protein of Bay is very firm, which can be applied to anything from surgical suture to ship repair.
16. From fireflies to artificial imitation luminescence.
17. electric fish and volt batteries.
18. The fly eye is a kind of "compound eye", which consists of more than 30O0 small eyes. People imitate it and make a "fly-eye lens". The "compound eye lens" is composed of hundreds or thousands of small lenses arranged in sequence. It can be used as a lens to make a "compound eye camera" and can take thousands of identical photos at a time. This kind of camera has been used for printing plate making and copying a large number of tiny circuits of electronic computers, which greatly improves the work efficiency and quality. "Compound eye lens" is a new type of optical element, which has many uses.
19. Leaf layout and architecture of Sydney Grand Theatre.
20. The ups and downs of submarines and fish. Annoying flies seem to have nothing to do with the grand space cause, but bionics closely connects them.
Flies are notorious "smelly things". They can be seen everywhere and have a bad smell. Flies have a particularly sensitive sense of smell, and can smell the smell thousands of meters away. But flies don't have noses. What does it rely on to act as a sense of smell? It turns out that the "nose" of flies-olfactory receptors are distributed on a pair of antennae on the head.
Each "nose" has only one "nostril" communicating with the outside world, which contains hundreds of olfactory nerve cells. If the smell enters the nostrils, these nerves will immediately convert the smell stimulus into nerve electrical impulses and send them to the brain. The brain can distinguish substances with different smells according to different nerve electrical impulses generated by substances with different smells. Therefore, the fly's antenna is like a sensitive gas analyzer.
Inspired by this, bionics successfully imitated a very strange small gas analyzer according to the structure and function of the olfactory organs of flies. The probe of this instrument is not metal, but a live fly. A very fine microelectrode is inserted into the olfactory nerve of the fly, and the guided neuroelectric signal is amplified by an electronic circuit and sent to an analyzer; The analyzer can give an alarm as soon as it finds the signal of odorous substances. This instrument has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas in the cabin.
This small gas analyzer can also measure harmful gases in submarines and mines. This principle can also be used to improve the input device of computer and the structural principle of gas chromatography analyzer.
From Fireflies to Artificial Luminescence
Since the invention of electric light, life has become more convenient and rich. But electric lamps can only convert a small part of electric energy into visible light, and most of the rest is wasted in the form of heat energy. The heat rays of electric lamps are harmful to people's eyes. So, is there a light source that only emits light without heating? Humans have turned their attention to nature again.
In nature, many creatures can emit light, such as bacteria, fungi, worms, mollusks, crustaceans, insects and fish, and the light emitted by these animals does not produce heat, so it is also called "cold light".
Fireflies are one of many luminous animals. There are about 65,438+0,500 species of fireflies. Their luminescent colors are yellow-green, orange, and their brightness is different. Fireflies emit cold light, which not only has high luminous efficiency, but also is generally soft, suitable for human eyes, and the light intensity is relatively high. Therefore, bioluminescence is an ideal light source for human beings.
Scientists found that the luminous device of fireflies is located in the abdomen. This light emitter consists of three parts: light emitting layer, transparent layer and reflecting layer. There are thousands of luminescent cells in the luminescent layer, all of which contain fluorescein and luciferase. Under the action of luciferase, fluorescein combines with oxidation to emit fluorescence with the participation of intracellular water. The luminescence of fireflies is essentially a process in which chemical energy is converted into light energy.
As early as 1940s, people created fluorescent lamps on the basis of studying fireflies, which greatly changed the lighting sources of human beings. In recent years, scientists first isolated pure fluorescein from fireflies, then isolated luciferase, and then synthesized fluorescein artificially by chemical methods. Biological light source composed of fluorescein, luciferase, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and water can be used as a flash lamp in mines filled with explosive gas. Because this lamp has no power supply and does not produce magnetic field, it can be used to clear magnetic mines under the irradiation of biological light source.
Now, people can get cold light similar to biological light by mixing some chemicals for safe lighting.
Electric fish and volt battery
Many creatures in nature can generate electricity, and there are more than 500 kinds of fish alone. People call these discharging fish "electric fish".
All kinds of electric fish have different discharge skills. Electric ray, electric catfish and electric eel have the strongest discharge ability. Medium-sized torpedoes can generate about 70 volts, while African torpedoes can generate up to 220 volts; African electric catfish can generate 350 volts; Electric eels can generate 500 volts. There is a South American electric eel that can generate up to 880 volts, and it is called the champion of electric shock. It is said that it can kill big animals like horses.
Where is the mystery of electric fish discharge? After the anatomical study of the electric fish, it is finally found that there is a strange power generation organ in the electric fish. These generators are made up of many translucent disk-shaped batteries, called electric plates or plates. Due to the different types of electric fish, the shape, position and quantity of the electric plates of the generator are also different. The generator of electric eel is prismatic and located in the muscles on both sides of the caudate spine. The torpedo generator is shaped like a flat kidney, arranged on both sides of the body midline, with 2 million electric plates. The generator of electric catfish originated from some kind of gland, located between skin and muscle, with about 5 million electric plates. The voltage generated by a single plate is very weak, but because there are many plates, the voltage generated is very large.
The extraordinary skills of electric fish have aroused great interest. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/9th century, Italian physicist Volt designed the world's earliest voltaic battery based on electric fish power generation organ. Because this kind of battery is designed according to the natural generator of electric fish, the research of electric fish called "artificial electric officer" also gives people such enlightenment: if the power generation organ of electric fish can be successfully imitated, then the power problem of ships and submarines can be solved well.
Jellyfish windward ears
"Swallows fly low before the rain, cicadas sing, and the sky clears up in the rain." Biological behavior is related to the change of weather. Fishermen along the coast know that fish and jellyfish living along the coast swim to the sea in batches, which indicates that a storm is coming.
Jellyfish, also known as jellyfish, is an ancient coelenterate that floated in the ocean as early as 500 million years ago. This lower animal has the instinct to predict storms, and every time before the storm warning, it will swim to the sea to take refuge.
It turns out that in the blue ocean, infrasound (frequency is 8- 13 times per second) generated by the friction between air and waves is always a prelude to storm warning. This infrasound is inaudible to the human ear, but the little jellyfish is very sensitive. Bionics found that there is a thin handle in the ear cavity of jellyfish, a small ball on the handle, and a small auditory stone in the ball. When the infrasound before the storm hit the auditory stone in the jellyfish's ear, the auditory stone stimulated the nerve receptors on the ball wall, so the jellyfish heard the rumble of the coming storm.
Bionics imitates the structure and function of jellyfish ears, designs a storm predictor for jellyfish ears, and accurately simulates the organs that jellyfish feel infrasound. This instrument is installed on the front deck of the ship. When it receives the infrasound wave of the storm, it can automatically stop the horn rotating 360 degrees, and the direction it refers to is the direction of the storm. The reading on the indicator can show the intensity of the storm. This forecaster can forecast storms 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to navigation and fishery safety.
Frog-electronic frog eye
Fish submarine
Rattlesnake thermal detector
Penguin snowmobile
Kangaroo jumping machine
Flight balance bar
Giraffe-"anti-load suit"
Rattlesnake-infrared sensor
Crocodile "Tears"-Bionic Seawater Desalinator
Bird plane
Human hand-mechanical arm
Fish volt battery
Fireflies-artificial luminescence
Fly nose odor analyzer
Bat radar
Using the sonar system of dolphins and bats, man invented radar.
By learning the wings of flies, humans have stopped vibrating gyroscopes.
According to the shape of fish, man invented the boat.
Draw lessons from the swim bladder of fish and invent the ups and downs system of submarine.
The fluorescence of fireflies taught people to invent cold light sources.
In fact, what you are talking about is something invented by human beings according to certain characteristics of animals, that is, bionics. Bionics includes mechanical bionics, optical bionics, energy bionics, information control bionics and so on.
Such as: 1. A very strange small gas analyzer was successfully copied from annoying flies. It has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas in the cabin.
2。 From fireflies to artificial luminescence;
3。 Electric fish and volt batteries;
4。 The windward ear of jellyfish imitates the structure and function of jellyfish ear, and designs a storm predictor of jellyfish ear, which can predict the storm 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to navigation and fishery safety.
5。 According to the visual principle of frog eye, people have successfully developed an electronic frog eye. This kind of electronic frog's eyes can accurately identify objects with specific shapes like real frog's eyes. After installing electronic frog eyes in radar system, the anti-jamming ability of radar is greatly improved. This radar system can quickly and accurately identify aircraft, ships and missiles with specific shapes. In particular, it can distinguish between true and false missiles and prevent false confusion.
Electronic frog eyes are also widely used in airports and traffic arteries. At the airport, it can monitor the take-off and landing of aircraft, and call the police in time if it is found that the aircraft is about to collide. On the main road, you can direct the vehicles to prevent them from colliding.
6。 According to the principle of bat ultrasonic locator, people also copied "Pathfinder" for the blind. This pathfinder is equipped with an ultrasonic transmitter, which blind people can use to find telephone poles, steps, people on bridges, etc. Nowadays, "ultrasonic glasses" with similar functions have also been made.
7。 By simulating the incomplete photosynthetic mechanism of cyanobacteria, a bionic photolysis device was designed to obtain a large amount of hydrogen.
8。 According to the study of human skeletal muscle system and bioelectricity control, a human strength enhancer-walking machine is copied.
9。 The hook of modern crane originated from the claws of many animals.
10。 Corrugated roofs imitate animal scales.
1 1。 The oars imitated the fins of ducks.
12。 Saw mantis arms, or saw grass.
13。 The plants of Xanthium were inspired to invent velcro.
14。 Lobster with keen sense of smell provides people with the idea of making odor detectors.
15。 Gecko toes provide an encouraging prospect for manufacturing reusable adhesive tape.
16。 The colloid formed by shellfish and protein is very strong, and this colloid can be used in everything from surgical suture to ship repair.
16. Leaf layout and architecture of Sydney Grand Theatre.
17. The ups and downs of submarines and fish.
18. Rattlesnakes and air-to-air rattlesnakes.
Bees-hexagonal houses, dragonflies-planes, bats-radars.