1, political factors. At that time, it was in a period of great social change, social unrest and disputes among vassal States. In order to gain hegemony in the struggle, the monarchs of various vassal States competed to recruit talents and talents, and made their countries rich and strong with different ideas and theories. This has created a relaxed academic atmosphere for a hundred schools of thought to contend.

2. Economic factors. At that time, with the great economic development, some people became leisure classes and had time to engage in their own academic activities.

3. Scientific and technological factors. Great progress has been made in science and technology, such as astronomy, mathematics, optics, acoustics, mechanics and medicine. These scientific and technological achievements mark the improvement of people's understanding level and enrich people's spiritual world and material life.

4. Cultural factors. At that time, "the emperor lost his official position, but his learning was in four foreign countries", which broke the situation that "learning was in official learning", and made the cultural learning originally monopolized by the nobility spread to the lower classes of society and moved down to the people (this historical phenomenon was called "culture moving down"), resulting in the prosperity of private learning.

5. Academic freedom. Academic groups are relatively independent of political power. Although they started from the interests of different social groups, they wrote books, discussed current affairs and expounded philosophy, but they were not political vassals and attached to a political power group, but "if you use me, you will stay, and if you don't use it, you will leave."

Second, the significance:

China's traditional cultural system was basically formed, which was the first large-scale ideological emancipation movement in the history of China, effectively promoting the development of China's history. It is an important milestone in the development history of China's academic and cultural thought, which laid the foundation for the development of China's thought and culture. Various schools of thought argue with each other, influence each other, learn from each other's strong points, and effectively promote the development of ideology and culture.

Extended data

Representatives of various factions:

1, Confucianism

The founder of Confucianism is Confucius. Confucius, surnamed Kong, was born in Qufu, Shandong Province at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, and was honored as a "model for all generations" by later generations. The core of his theory is "benevolence", he advocates "love" and asks people to love each other and live in harmony; To achieve' benevolence', we must be tolerant of others, "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you." The principle of the system or behavior that embodies benevolence is "self-denial and courtesy".

Confucius initiated private education and advocated "teaching without distinction" and "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude". He believes that everyone, rich or poor, has the right to education. At the same time, it also broke the situation of aristocratic monopoly of cultural education. Confucius advocated that the rulers should observe the people's feelings, cherish the people's strength, "run the country by virtue" and "save money and love the people" so that the people can "eat enough" and the country can "foot soldiers" to win the trust of the people.

He opposed tyranny and arbitrary execution. This kind of thought contains people-oriented thought, and it is also the moral ethics advocated by him. Pay attention to moral education, especially personal cultivation, emphasize caring for others, and restrain your behavior with social norms.

2. Taoism

The founder of Taoist school is Laozi. Lao Tzu's surname is Li Ming's second son Yong, a native of Chu, and he was born in a declining aristocratic family almost at the same time as Confucius. The book reflecting his thoughts is Laozi, also known as Tao Te Ching, which was compiled by Taoism during the Warring States Period.

Laozi abstracted "Tao" and summarized it as the universal and all-encompassing highest philosophical concept. In his view, Tao is the origin of all things above heaven. He also put forward the viewpoint of "heaven is natural" and eliminated the absolute authority of "destiny".

Laozi's philosophy contains rich dialectical thoughts. Point out that everything has two contradictory aspects; Contradictions can be transformed into each other by "keeping quiet".

3. mohists

Mohism was founded by Mozi. Mozi's name was Zhai, and he was a Song poet in the early Warring States period. Mozi's thought is tit for tat with Confucianism. Oppose Shi Qing's official career system, advocate talents, attach importance to talents when appointing officials, break the old hierarchical concept, and achieve "officials are impermanent and expensive, and the people are not cheap."

The representative of Mo Zhai Thought is Mozi, which was compiled by his disciples according to their class notes. He advocates "universal love", eliminates the distinction between relatives and friends, and loves all people equally.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-a hundred schools of thought contend