1, thinking in images. Thinking in images means that people use thinking in images to understand and solve problems. Its thinking foundation is concrete image, and its thinking process is developed from concrete image.

The main means of thinking in images are objects, figures, tables and typical image materials. Its cognitive feature is that it is average in individual performance and always retains its intuition about things.

Its thinking process is represented by representation, analogy, association and imagination. Its thinking quality is manifested in the active imagination of intuitive materials, the processing and refining of appearances, and then the essence, law or object are revealed. Its thinking goal is to solve practical problems and improve thinking ability in solving problems.

2. Abstract thinking method. The thinking process of reflecting reality with concepts, judgments and reasoning is called abstract thinking, also called logical thinking. Abstract thinking is divided into formal thinking and dialectical thinking.

Objective reality has its relatively stable side, and it can adopt the form of thinking; Objective existence also has its constantly developing and changing side, and we can adopt dialectical thinking. Formal thinking is the basis of dialectical thinking.

Formal thinking ability: analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, generalization, judgment and reasoning. Dialectical thinking ability: contact development and change, law of unity of opposites, law of mutual change of quality, law of negation of negation.