1, capital: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z?

2. lowercase: a b? c d？ e？ f？ g h i？ j . k？ l？ m n o？ p？ q r？ s？ t？ u v？ W? x y？ z

Second, the pronunciation of 24 English letters:

1、A a [ei]、B b [bi:]、C c [si:]、D d [di:]、E e [i:]、F f [ef]、G g [d？ Me:]?

2、H h [eit∫]、I i [ai]、J j [d？ ei]、K k [kei]、L l [el]、M m [em]、N n [en]？

3、O o [？ u]、P p [pi:]、Q q [kju:]、R r [ɑ:]、S s [es]、T t [ti:]？

4、U u [ju:]、V v [vi:]、W W[′d？ blju:】？ X x [eks]，Y y [wai]，Z z [zi:][zed]

Extended information 1. Letters:

Icons and ideographic symbols developed by primitive people are the prototypes of modern letters, such as cuneiform and hieroglyphics. The earliest alphabet is an early hieroglyphic combination used by the Semitic people in the East (known as the northern branch of Semite in modern classification), which appeared between 1700 BC and 1500 BC.

In 1000 BC, there were four other kinds of letters, which developed from the letters of the eastern Semitic people, the letters used by the southern branch of the western Semitic people (called the southern branch of the Semitic people in modern classification), the Canaanite letters, the Aramaic letters and the Greek letters.

Around 500 BC, the Roman alphabet evolved from the Greek alphabet. By 20 15, all languages in western Europe (including Irish, Dutch, French, German and other languages) will use this alphabet.

Second, the origin of letters:

1, almost all alphabets can be traced back to Phoenician letters, such as Hebrew letters, Arabic letters, Greek letters, Latin letters, Sanskrit letters, Manchu letters and so on. Phoenician letters can be said to be the origin of pinyin, and also the origin of many writing systems except Chinese and similar languages (such as proverbs and pseudonyms).

2. At first, each letter in the Latin alphabet was an abstract symbol, which described the shape of an animal or an object. Unlike Chinese characters, these symbols bear little resemblance to the shapes of objects originally described.

No one is sure what these hieroglyphs originally represented. Our explanation can only be an informed guess made by scholars based on historical materials.

It is generally believed that Greek letters are the ancestors of all western letters, including Latin letters. In fact, the Greek alphabet is borrowed from the Phoenician alphabet.

Third, the Latin alphabet:

1、A a

About 3000 years ago, in the Phoenician alphabet, the letter A was pronounced aleph, which looked like the letter V, and there was a bar in the middle to represent the cow's head or horn. Later the Greeks wrote backwards. For ancient Phoenicians, cattle meant wealth and were indispensable for food, clothing and farming. This may be the reason why A is listed as the initial letter.

2、B b

Like A, the letter B can be traced back to ancient Phoenicia. In the Phoenician alphabet, b is called beth, which stands for house. In Hebrew, B is also called Beth, which also means house. The letter B originally looked like a two-bedroom apartment in primitive society, and the lowercase letter B later evolved from the uppercase letter B. In today's West Bank, there is a Jewish and Christian holy place called Bethlehem.

3、C c

The letter c is called gimel in Phoenician writing, which stands for camel. Its arrangement in the alphabet is the same as that of the Greek letter γ (gamma). In fact, its glyph evolved from the latter. C stands for 100 in Roman numerals.

4、D d

D is a pictographic symbol, which depicts the shape of an ancient arch or door. In ancient Phoenician and Hebrew, it is called daleth, which means "gate" and is equivalent to the Greek letter δ (delta).

5、E e

E is the most used letter in French, Spanish, German and other languages. In Phoenician and Hebrew, e is a hieroglyphic symbol representing a window, called He, which is equivalent to the Greek letter E(epsilon).

6、F f

F comes from the sixth pictographic letter in Phoenicia, which is similar to today's Latin letter Y and stands for cork or stud. Its name is waw in Phoenician and Hebrew. In the Middle Ages, the left cheek of a felon was usually marked with an F as a symbol of punishment.

7、G g

In the ancient Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets, G is a hieroglyphic letter describing the outline of camel's head and neck, and its name is gimel. Later, the Greeks borrowed this symbol as gamma.

In fact, the letter G and the letter C come from the same Phoenician letter. There is no letter G in the original Latin alphabet, and words with G and K sounds are represented by the letter C. After the 3rd century A.D., the ancient Romans created G according to C. Since then, C stands for K sound and G stands for G sound.

8、H h

Like other letters, H can be traced back to Phoenician letters through Latin letters and Greek letters. In Phoenician, the letter corresponding to H has two bars, which respectively represent fences or fences, and the letters are named heth or cheth.

Me, me.

The ninth letter I comes from the Phoenician hieroglyphic letter yod/yodh, which is considered to represent human fingers. The initial lowercase letter I has no dots. After 1 1 century, scribes began to add it to distinguish the letter I from the letter U, and filii Latin letters is equivalent to I(iota) in Greek.

10、K k

The root of the letter K can also be traced back to the ancient Phoenicians. In the Phoenician alphabet, k is a hieroglyphic symbol, representing the human hand. It is called kaph in Hebrew, which means "hand (palm)". The Greeks borrowed it as K(kappa). In ancient Rome, the slanderer was marked with a K on his forehead, representing kalumnia, which is equivalent to calomnie in French.

1 1、L l

In Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets, L is called lamed/lamedh, which is a hieroglyphic symbol representing ox drive or whip. The corresponding letter in Greek is λ(lambda.

12、M m

Like other letters, m can be traced back to ancient Phoenician. Phoenicians dared to explore and were famous for their maritime trade. They sailed all the way to the Spanish coast. In the Phoenician alphabet, m is an icon representing the shape of a wave. It is called mem in Hebrew, which means "water". The corresponding letter in Greek is M(mu).

13、N n

N is wavy in Egyptian hieroglyphics, called a nun in Phoenician, which means "fish", while the corresponding letter in Greek is N(nu).

14、O o

Many languages have letters like O, which all represent the human eye. In some ancient alphabets, a dot is added after O to indicate students. In Phoenician, O is called cayin, which means "eyes".

15、P p

Ancient Phoenicians and Hebrews called it pe, which means "mouth". The corresponding letter in Greek is π (pi). /kloc-In the 6th century, a Dominican friar named Placentius wrote a poem called "Pugna Bo Collum", which consists of 253 lines and six steps, and the first letter of each word in the poem is P, which is probably unique in ancient times and today.

16、Q q

Q system evolved from Phoenician and Hebrew 19 hieroglyphic letters. Q is shaped a bit like a monkey with its tail hanging. No wonder the Phoenicians called the letter qoph, which means "monkey". In languages such as French, q is almost always followed by u.

17、R r

The R system evolved from the 20th hieroglyphic letter in Phoenician and Hebrew. The Phoenicians called it resh, which means "head". Since ancient Roman times, R has been called the dog's letter or growling letter, because the meaning of R is very similar to the dog's barking R-R-R or G R-R-R.

18、S s

In Phoenician and Hebrew, s is called shin/sin, which means "tooth". The shape of letters is quite similar to that of today's W, while modern glyphs gradually evolved after entering Latin. The corresponding letter in Greek is σ σ (sigma).

19、T t

Today's letter T comes from the Phoenician hieroglyph "Mother of Silence". Early hieroglyphics, like today's letter X, were called taw, which means "mark". The Greek letter based on this symbol is T(tau).

20、V v

V originated from the sixth hieroglyphic letter in the Phoenician alphabet about 1000 BC, which is similar to the Latin letter Y today and is called waw, meaning "wooden nail" or "wooden nail". After 900 BC, the Greeks borrowed this letter and derived two letters from it, one of which later evolved into the letter F, and the other evolved into V and Y. V stands for 5 in Roman numerals.

2 1、W w

W is derived from V. In fact, W is composed of double V, which is pronounced as double V in the alphabet of many languages.

22、X x

X is equivalent to the 22nd letter X(chi) of the Greek alphabet. The former borrows the latter, while the latter comes from a Phoenician hieroglyphic letter representing "fish", which sounds like samekh. X stands for 10 in Roman numerals, and is usually used to represent unknowns in algebra and mathematics.

23、Y y

Y can be said to come from V, but it can be traced back to the Greek letter υ (upsilon) called Pythagoras. Y is often used in algebra to represent the second unknown.

24、Z z

Z comes from the sixth letter Z(zeta) in Greek and is borrowed from Phoenician. Z basically means Zeus, the master of the universe.

References:

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