Mathematics extracurricular activities are composed of schools and teachers on the principle of voluntary participation in addition to classroom teaching. Teaching-related activities have many positive meanings and functions.
First of all, mathematics extracurricular activities have strong flexibility and diversity, rich and colorful contents, which can cultivate and stimulate students' interest and help some students form a special interest in mathematics.
As we all know, mathematics comes from very concrete and objective things, and the reason why it has strong abstract characteristics from the beginning is to meet the needs of research and popularization. Take the natural number as an example, it is produced in the process of counting the number of specific objects, but the concept of natural number 1, 2,3 is formed ... We must simply abstract the number of different objects without all other characteristics of counting objects. For example, "3" can indicate the number of people, the number of apples or something else. In fact, the concept of any number is abstractly summarized from a large number of concrete things, so the conclusion of mathematics can be widely applied to all kinds of things.
Today, the reason why we propose to carry out this activity is to completely change the traditional teaching methods. For example, some teachers keep students firmly in the classroom and homework pile, and rarely carry out extracurricular activities, so that students can either attend classes or write homework from morning till night, which is boring, which not only increases the burden on students, but also greatly affects their health. The author thinks that by carrying out this activity, students can get better adjustment and rest after a day of intense study, and get better consolidation and expansion in this activity. On the contrary, due to the increasing burden on students, not only their studies have not improved, but their health has also been greatly affected. The abstract and rigorous characteristics of mathematics make students need and cultivate their abstract logical thinking ability. Moreover, because the thinking of primary school students is in the stage of taking concrete image thinking as the main form and gradually transitioning to abstract logical thinking, this abstract thinking is still directly related to perceptual experience to a great extent, and it still has a large number of concrete images. The requirements of primary school mathematics for cultivating logical thinking can only be preliminary, which once again proves the urgency and importance of developing extracurricular activities in primary school mathematics.
Secondly, mathematics extracurricular activities can be free from the restrictions of classroom teaching, and also enable students to obtain more information and expand their mathematics knowledge.
Guiding students to study extensively, accumulate knowledge, introduce better extracurricular books to students, and guide students to watch content-related variety shows, knowledge contests and other columns will not only help cultivate students' ability to operate and work independently, but also better ensure the completion of the overall teaching objectives. Through this activity, one is to deepen and consolidate the mathematics knowledge that students have learned in class. Secondly, we can practice and apply the mathematics knowledge learned in class to solve some basic and simple mathematics problems in daily life and study. The third is to expand and extend the mathematics knowledge in the teaching materials, so that students can really master some basic ideas and methods to solve mathematical problems and form certain mathematical skills and specialties. Fourthly, mathematics extracurricular activities, as an important part of school extracurricular activities, can enrich students' extracurricular life, cultivate students' sentiment and promote their all-round development. Fifth, stimulate and mobilize students' interest in mathematics, form good habits of learning mathematics, and promote the improvement of students' comprehensive quality. Sixth, primary school students' mathematics extracurricular activities can better train students with expertise for classes and schools, and train urgently needed important talents for the whole society.
Second, the form and content of extracurricular activities in primary school mathematics
There are various forms of extracurricular activities in primary school mathematics. Because it is not limited by teaching plans and textbooks, nor by the teaching time of teaching classes, it can let students accept more and more new information through multiple channels. For example: play math games, hold math competitions, hold math exhibitions or lectures, recommend and guide reading extracurricular books, exchange reading gains, and organize math interest groups. Another example is: holding a math wall newspaper, setting up columns such as "math mailbox" and "math hospital", and carrying out activities such as answering questions and seeking medical treatment for diseases. Conditional schools can also set up microcomputer groups.
When junior students have not formed a special interest in one aspect, it is generally not suitable to organize math groups. They can tell math stories, guess math riddles, play math games, or hold math performances and math theme squadrons for the whole class, so as to improve students' interest in math.
Middle and senior grades can carry out more diverse activities. In addition to extracurricular activities, students can also be organized to go to factories, villages and shops to understand the application of mathematics in practice, collect various data as the content of calculation and statistics, and improve students' ability to solve practical problems.
The content of extracurricular activities in primary school mathematics can be broader and richer than classroom teaching. These contents mainly include the following aspects:
(A) teachers should create activities in various ways to broaden the channels of knowledge.
The key to this activity is that teachers should appropriately expand and deepen some contents of classroom teaching. For example, introduce some commonly used methods of quick calculation, estimation and checking calculation, and the drawing method of geometric figures, so as to guide students to study extensively, increase their knowledge, broaden their knowledge and accumulate knowledge in reading. Teachers should introduce better extracurricular books to students according to their actual teaching needs, and it is best to introduce some commonly used quick calculations (continued on page 142) (continued on page 140). For example, let students watch TV series with political material, news broadcast, collect recent important news at home and abroad, TV sketches with pictures and beautiful pictures, and variety shows with profound philosophy are all recommended objects. You can also make full use of the remaining classroom space, make teaching wide-angle and multi-directional, and create a knowledge environment. After a long period of shallow and silent accumulation, students can naturally "see more and understand more".
(2) Teachers should reform classroom teaching methods.
Teaching methods should first change the passive teaching methods such as teachers forcing students to learn and instilling knowledge into students, so that students can learn freely, expand their knowledge, give play to their subjective initiative, and teachers should accumulate and create a good learning atmosphere. Only in this way can we ignite the spark of students' innovation and the effect will be better.
(3) Teachers should constantly improve their abilities and enrich their extracurricular teaching knowledge.
As we all know, to be a good teacher, you need to have rich knowledge and accumulate all kinds of knowledge. This is a requirement for teachers to master knowledge. Therefore, in the teaching process, we should constantly pay attention to absorbing new knowledge. In addition, teachers can create all favorable external conditions for students, but the real master of learning is students, so we should pay more attention to improving students' ability, actively participate in learning and expand their knowledge.
(D) Deepen the consolidation of mathematics knowledge and develop students' intelligence.
Past experience tells us that some knowledge of children's psychology research appears in the form of games, which is easy for children to remember. For example, memorizing multiplication tables, quadrature formulas and calculation rules, and practicing in the form of games will be better than memorizing. Using the game of finding friends can help students quickly master the knowledge of the composition of numbers.
It must be noted that extracurricular activities in mathematics are not the repetition of classroom teaching, nor are they disguised remedial classes or exams. Teachers should make a plan, arrange the time and place, and get ready for what activities to do in a semester. Special attention should be paid to cultivating students' self-care ability in activities, and some activities can allow students to carry out independently. At the same time, we should also pay attention to making the extracurricular activities of primary school mathematics educational. In the selection of activity content, we should pay special attention to the following points: 1. Interest: When arranging extracurricular activities in primary school mathematics, we must give full consideration to children's age and psychological characteristics. We should know that children naturally like activities and novelty, so we should choose things that students are familiar with and interested in as the teaching content of activity classes. 2. Inspirational: Encourage students to discover laws through active research, so that students can learn to grow their talents and cultivate their thinking ability. 3. Activities: Let students learn knowledge and improve their problem-solving ability of cutting, spelling and drawing by themselves through colorful and diverse mathematical activities. 4. Ideological: When choosing the content of mathematics activities, we should pay attention to patriotism, collectivism education and the enlightenment education of dialectical materialism, so that students can have good behavior habits and healthy psychological quality.
Three. Concluding remarks
To sum up, seriously and actively organizing students to carry out more extensive extracurricular activities plays an important role in increasing students' knowledge and ability, enriching students' spiritual life and developing students' good personality in an all-round way. At the same time, it is also of great significance to do well in class management, collective education and students' self-education. In particular, it is an important way to cultivate and bring up useful talents urgently needed by the country and the whole society.