Geometry:

Great achievements of geometric theory

The earliest geometry rose in ancient Egypt in the 7th century BC, and was later spread to the capital of ancient Greece by ancient Greeks and others, and the Pythagorean school system laid the foundation stone. Before Euclid, people had accumulated a lot of knowledge about geometry. However, there is a great shortcoming and deficiency in this knowledge, that is, lack of systematicness. Most of them are fragmentary knowledge, and there is no strong connection between axioms and proofs, let alone strict logical demonstration and explanation of formulas and theorems. Therefore, with the prosperity and development of social economy, especially the development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, and the increase of land development and utilization, it is urgent to organize and systematize these geometric knowledge and form a set of self-justified and clear-cut knowledge system, which has become the general trend of scientific progress. Euclid has been keenly aware of the development trend of geometric theory through his early systematic and in-depth study of Plato's mathematical thought, especially geometric theory. He is determined to finish the work in his lifetime. In order to accomplish this task, Euclid set out from the ancient city of Athens on the Aegean Sea and went to Alexandria, a new port in Egypt in the Nile Valley, to realize his original intention in this brand-new but culturally rich foreign city. During countless days and nights here, he collected previous mathematical monographs and manuscripts, consulted relevant scholars, and tried to write a book to clarify his understanding of geometry, even if it was superficial. After Euclid's selfless labor, he finally produced rich fruits in 300 BC. This is the book Geometry, which was finalized after several drafts. This is a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. With it, geometry was not only systematized and organized for the first time, but also gave birth to a brand-new research field-Euclidean geometry.

Jingrun Chen

Goldbach conjecture;

When Chen Jingrun was studying in middle school, he was lucky enough to listen to Shen Yuan, a math teacher transferred from Tsinghua University. He told his classmates a world math problem: "About 200 years ago, a German mathematician named Goldbach proposed that' any even number greater than 2 can represent the sum of two prime numbers', abbreviated as 1+ 1. He never proved it in his life, so he wrote to Euler, a mathematician in St. Petersburg, Russia, and asked him to help prove the problem. After receiving the letter, Euler began to calculate. He tried to prove it to the death. Later, Goldbach passed away with a lifetime of regret, but left this mathematical problem behind. For more than 200 years, Goldbach's conjecture has attracted many mathematicians, making it a big unsolved mystery in mathematics. " The teacher also made an interesting metaphor here. Mathematics is the queen of natural science, and Goldbach conjecture is the jewel in the queen's crown! This fascinating story left a deep impression on Chen Jingrun, and Goldbach's conjecture attracted Chen Jingrun like a magnet. From then on, Chen Jingrun began the arduous course of winning the crown jewel of mathematics. ......

1953, Chen Jingrun graduated from the Department of Mathematics of Xiamen University, and once stayed there. He works as a librarian in the library. In addition to sorting out books and materials, he is also responsible for correcting homework for students in the mathematics department. Despite the tight time and busy work, he insisted on studying math science. Chen Jingrun has a keen interest in mathematical theory. He used all available time to systematically read the mathematical monographs of Hua, a famous mathematician in China. While continuing to learn English, Chen Jingrun learned Russian, German, French, Japanese, Italian and Spanish, so as to read foreign materials directly and master the latest information. Learning these foreign languages is an amazing breakthrough for a mathematician, but it is only the first step for Chen Jingrun.

In order to make his dream come true, whether it is hot or cold in Chen Jingrun, he can't sleep at night in that small room of less than 6 square meters, and concentrate on his studies. Only the calculated toilet paper is fully packed with several sacks. From 65438 to 0957, Chen Jingrun was transferred to the Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. As a new starting point, he studied harder. After 10 years of calculation, 1965 in May, he published the paper "Big even number represents the sum of the products of a prime number and no more than two prime numbers". The publication of the paper has been highly valued and praised by the world mathematics community and famous mathematicians. British mathematician Haberstein and German mathematician Li Xite wrote Chen Jingrun's paper into a math book called "Chen Theorem". However, the elites in the field of mathematics in the world don't know the classification of commodities in their daily life, and some commodities can't be named, so they are called "idiots" and "weirdos".

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Writer Xu Chi described Chen Jingrun's inner world in Goldbach Conjecture: "I know my illness is very serious. I'm terminally ill. Bacteria are devouring my internal organs. My mind has reached the point of exhaustion. My body really can't support it! Only my brain cells are extremely active, so I can't stop working. I can't stop. "For Chen Jingrun's contribution, Chinese mathematicians once said: Chen Jingrun challenged the sum of the world's intellectual limits in the field of analytic number theory for 250 years. Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening up, once said meaningfully to people: "How wonderful it is to have a thousand scientists like Chen Jingrun in China." .

Chen Jingrun's Short Stories:

Chen Jingrun was born in a poor family. When his mother gave birth to him, he had no milk, so he lived by borrowing rice soup from his neighbors. At the age of going to school, my father, who works as a clerk in the post office, earns too little for my eldest brother to go to school, and my mother has to carry her little sister under two years old to work in the fields to earn money. In this way, the burden of looking after the 3-year-old brother on weekdays falls on Xiao Jingrun's shoulder. During the day, he led his little brother to sit on a small bench and count his fingers. When my brother is out of school at night, I beg him to tell him math. When I was older, I squeezed out the gap to help my mother work in the fields and was busy practicing writing and calculus. Seeing that he is eager to learn, his mother sent him to Chengguan Primary School. Although he is thin, he works hard and gets good grades, which makes the children of rich families jealous and kicks him. He couldn't beat those people, so he went home crying and asked to quit school. His mother stroked his wound and said, "Son, we are bullied only because we are poor." You should be eager to learn, fight for breath, grow up and be promising, and then they won't dare to bully us! "Xiao Jingrun dry tears, and went to do homework. Since then, he has never shed tears again, turning physical and mental pain into a driving force for learning, and his grades have been top-notch. Finally, I was admitted to Sanyuan County Junior High School with the first place in the school. In junior high school, he was specially cared for by two teachers: one was a Chinese teacher who was nearly sixty years old and a professor. He witnessed the Japanese bullying, but the Kuomintang was losing ground, and he felt saddened. It's a pity that he is old and places his hopes on the next generation. Seeing that Chen Jingrun is diligent and promising, he often calls him to his side to talk about the 5,000-year history of China's civilization, encouraging him to study hard and shoulder the heavy responsibility of saving the motherland. Teachers often speak with tears in their eyes, and Chen Jingrun also said with tears that he will serve the motherland when he grows up! The other is a math teacher under the age of 30. He graduated from the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University with rich knowledge. Chen Jingrun was most interested in math class, a textbook, which was finished in only two weeks. The teacher felt that this student was unusual, so he told him more carefully, further inspiring his patriotic enthusiasm, saying, "If a country and a nation want to be strong, it is absolutely impossible for natural science to be underdeveloped. Mathematics is the foundation of natural science." From then on, Chen Jingrun loved mathematics more. Until I graduated from junior high school, I kept a record of straight A in mathematics.

After the recovery of the motherland, Chen Jingrun was admitted to Huaying Public School in Fuzhou to attend high school. Here, he was lucky enough to meet Mr. Shen Yuan, whom he will never forget. Mr. Shen used to be the dean of Tsinghua University Aviation Department and the head teacher of Chen Jingrun. He also taught math and English. Mr. Shen is knowledgeable and persuasive, and all his classmates like to listen to his lectures. Once, Mr. Shen came up with an interesting classical math problem: "Han Xin ordered soldiers". Everyone began to count, and Chen Jingrun quickly whispered: "53 people." . The whole class was stunned by the speed of his calculation. Teacher Shen looked at the usually quiet and ragged student and asked him how he got it. Chen Jingrun blushed and could not speak. Finally, he wrote the method on the blackboard with a pen. Teacher Shen said happily, "Chen Jingrun is fine, but he is afraid to speak. I'll help him! " Aft that lecture, Mr. Shen introduced China's contribution to mathematics in ancient times, saying that Zu Chongzhi's research achievement on pi was earlier than that of Western Europe 1000 years, and Qin in the Southern Song Dynasty solved the simultaneous linear equation more than 500 years earlier than the Swiss mathematician Euler. Teacher Shen then encouraged and said, "We can't stop. I hope you can create greater miracles in the future. For example, there is a Goldbach conjecture, which is still an unsolved problem in number theory. People compare it to a jewel in the crown. You should take it off! " After class, Teacher Shen asked Chen Jingrun what he thought. Chen Jingrun said, "May I?" Teacher Shen said: "Since you can figure out' Han Xin points soldiers' by yourself, you will certainly find that pearl in the future: nothing is difficult in the world, only if you put your mind to it!" That night, Chen Jingrun couldn't sleep. He vowed that he would work hard at all costs when he grew up, whether he was successful or not!

Life:

This is a miracle that shocked the whole world: a mathematician who lives in a 6-square-meter hut borrowed a dim kerosene lamp, leaned against the bed board, consumed six sacks of draft paper with a pen, conquered "1+2" in the world-famous mathematical puzzle "Goldbach conjecture", created a distance and picked up "1+60" in number theory.

Chen Jingrun, a famous mathematician in China, created this miracle.

Chen Jingrun 1933 was born in Fuzhou, Fujian on May 22nd. He was a thin and introverted child since childhood, but he fell in love with mathematics. Computational math problems occupy most of his time, and boring algebraic equations make him full of happiness. From 65438 to 0953, Chen Jingrun graduated from the Mathematics Department of Xiamen University. Because of his excellent research on a series of problems in number theory, Hua was attached importance and transferred to the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences.

In 1950s, Chen Jingrun made important improvements on the existing results of the problems of inner lattice points in Gauss circle, inner lattice points in sphere, Tali problem and Waring problem. After 1960s, he made extensive and in-depth research on screening methods and related important issues.

Goldbach conjectures that this world-class mathematical problem that has been unresolved for more than 200 years has attracted the attention of thousands of mathematicians all over the world, but few people can really challenge this problem. In high school, Chen Jingrun listened to his teacher's philosophical remarks: the queen of natural science is mathematics, the crown of mathematics is number theory, and Goldbach conjecture is the jewel in the crown. This crucial enlightenment became his unswerving goal all his life.

In order to prove Goldbach's conjecture, Chen Jingrun studied mathematics day and night and found this world-famous pearl of mathematics. Chen Jingrun trudged in the field of mathematics with amazing perseverance. Hard sweat has brought fruitful results. 1973, Chen Jingrun finally found a simple method to prove Goldbach's conjecture. After his achievement was published, it immediately caused a sensation in the world. Among them, "1+2" was named "Chen Theorem", also known as the "glorious vertex" of the screening method. Hua and other mathematicians of the older generation spoke highly of Chen Jingrun's paper. Mathematicians from all over the world have also published articles praising Chen Jingrun's research achievement as "the best achievement in studying Goldbach's conjecture in the world at present".

Chen Jingrun's research on Goldbach's conjecture is still far ahead in the world. A world-class master of mathematics and an American scholar once praised him like this: "Every job in Chen Jingrun seems to be walking on the top of the Himalayas." 1978 and 1982, Chen Jingrun was twice invited by the international congress of mathematicians to give a 45-minute lecture.

In addition, Chen Jingrun also conducted in-depth research and discussion on the relationship between combinatorial mathematics and modern economic management, cutting-edge science and technology and human beings. He has published more than 70 scientific papers in newspapers and periodicals at home and abroad, including "Interesting Talks on Mathematics" and "Combinatorial Mathematics". He has won the first prize of National Natural Science, Heli Fund Award, China Mathematics Award and many other awards.

Chen Jingrun enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad, but he is not complacent. He said: "I just climbed a hill on the road of science. I haven't reached the real peak yet, so I will continue to work hard. "

1March 1996 19. Chen Jingrun died of respiratory and circulatory failure at the age of 62 after suffering from Parkinson's syndrome 12.