/kloc-In the mid-7th century, the education system of Cambridge University was still permeated with a strong flavor of medieval scholasticism. When Newton entered Cambridge, there were some scholastic philosophy courses, such as logic, ancient prose, grammar, ancient history, theology and so on. Two years later, a new atmosphere appeared in Trinity College, and Lucas founded a unique lecture, which stipulated that natural science knowledge should be taught, such as geography, physics, astronomy and mathematics.
The first professor of the lecture, Isaac Barrow, was a learned scientist. The scholar had a unique vision and saw Newton's profound observation and keen understanding. So he taught Newton all his mathematical knowledge, including the method of calculating the area of curves and graphs, and led Newton to the research field of modern natural science.
During this study, Newton mastered arithmetic and trigonometry, and read Kepler's Optics, Descartes' Principles of Geometry and Philosophy, Galileo's Dialogue between Two World Systems, Hooke's Micro Atlas, and the historical and early philosophical journals of the Royal Society.
Newton's time in Barrow School was the key period of his research. Barrow is older than Newton 12 years old and is good at mathematics and optics. He admired Newton's talent in mathematics very much and thought that Newton's talent surpassed himself. Later, Newton said in his memory, "Dr. Barrow taught courses in kinematics at that time, and perhaps it was these courses that prompted me to study this problem."
Newton taught himself mathematics to a great extent at that time. He studied Euclid's Elements of Geometry, Descartes' Geometry, Wallis' arithmetica infinitorum, Barrow's lectures on mathematics and Veda's works. Among them, Descartes' Geometry and Wallis' arithmetica infinitorum had a decisive influence on Newton and led him to the forefront of mathematics at that time.
1665 to 1666, a serious plague swept through London, and Cambridge was not far from London. Because of fear, the school was closed, and Newton left school and went home in June 1665.
Influenced by mathematics and natural science in Cambridge, Newton was very interested in exploring natural phenomena, and the quiet environment in his hometown made his thoughts spread their wings and fly. This short time became the golden age of Newton's scientific career. He is full of ideas in the field of natural science. He is brilliant and brilliant. He thought about the problems that his predecessors had never thought about, set foot in the fields that his predecessors had never set foot in, and created an unprecedented precedent. 49360.88868888666
At the beginning of 1665, Newton established the approximation method of series and the law that binomial with arbitrary power is transformed into series; In June of the same year 165438+ 10, the forward serial number method (differential) was established; The following year (65438+ 10), the color theory was studied with prism; In May, I began to study the counter-current number method (integral). During this year, Newton began to think of studying gravity and wanted to extend the theory of gravity to the orbit of the moon. He also deduced from Kepler's law that the force that keeps planets in orbit must be inversely proportional to the square of their distance from the center of rotation. Newton didn't realize the legend of gravity until he saw the apple fall to the ground and told an anecdote that happened at this time.
In a word, during his two years in his hometown, Newton engaged in scientific creation with more vigorous energy than before and cared about natural philosophy. His three great achievements, calculus, gravity and optical analysis, were conceived and formed at this time. It can be said that Newton has begun to paint most blueprints of scientific creation in his life.
Shortly after Easter in 1667, Newton returned to Cambridge University, was elected as a junior college partner of Trinity College in June of 1, and obtained his master's degree in March of the following year 16, and became a senior college partner at the same time .55438+066965438+. At the age of 26, Newton was promoted to Professor of Mathematics and became Professor of Lucas. Barrow paved the way for Newton's scientific career. Without the help of Uncle Newton and Barrow, Newton, a swift horse, might not have galloped on the road of science. It has always been a story in the history of science that Barrow gave way to xian.