1, integration
From the definition of literacy itself, it includes knowledge, skills and attitude, but it is not a simple superposition of them, but the result of the integration of the three in the process of individual development. The Latin etymology "competere" of English "competence" corresponds to literacy, which means the aggregation of various abilities or strengths to enable people to cope with challenges. Literacy is an organic whole. Some researchers use the formula "literacy = (knowledge+ability) attitude" to express it. Attitude connects knowledge and ability in the form of strength, which shows the influence of positive and negative attitudes on literacy-wise and responsible application of knowledge and skills is the guarantee of successful life and sound society.
2. Liquidity
In various definitions of literacy and core literacy, it is emphasized that they can be applied to new situations or future development. In a certain situation, the knowledge gained by completing one task can be applied to another situation and another task, which is called migration. The concept of core literacy comes from the ability of individuals to solve complex problems in the face of unpredictable situations, so as to adapt to the challenges of the constantly changing information age and knowledge society. Therefore, most core literacy frameworks include transferable abilities, such as creativity, critical thinking, problem solving and developing new products.
3. Higher order
People's survival and development need a variety of literacy, such as domain literacy related to specific content (language, mathematics, science and technology, information, environment, etc.). ), as well as the general literacy pointing to cognitive ability, personal growth and social development. But facing the challenge of 2 1 century, these qualities have different functions. Among them, the most important core qualities, such as critical thinking, creative problem solving, communication and cooperation, civic responsibility and social participation, are all "advanced qualities" for rational judgment, decision-making and action in the face of complex problems in the 2/kloc-0 century. These qualities are not only high-level in cognition, interdisciplinary in content field, but also comprehensive and transcendent in knowledge, skills and attitude, so they are high-order.
4. Formed by the environment
In various definitions of literacy, "situation" is the same key word, including personal situation, social situation or professional situation. Literacy is a complex psychological structure integrating knowledge, skills and attitudes, which is implicit. It is formed and developed in specific situations and applied in new situations. Core literacy cannot be expressed if it is not related to specific situations.
(B) the acquisition of core literacy depends on deep learning
Literacy is not innate, but acquired through a good learning environment, which is teachable, plastic and developing. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, acquired abilities are based on the acquisition of knowledge and skills. After consolidation and application, it is transformed into individual psychological structure, which can be extracted and applied in new situations, thus forming stable literacy. The newly revised Bloom's classification of educational goals divides the cognitive process into six levels: memory, understanding, application, analysis, evaluation and creation. At the lower level of "memory and understanding", it involves low-order thinking activities such as mechanical memory, simple extraction and shallow understanding, and the result of learning is "retention" for surface learning; At the higher level of "application, analysis, evaluation and creation", most of them involve advanced thinking activities such as problem solving, metacognition and critical thinking. The result of learning is a deep understanding and transmission of knowledge, which is for deeper learning. Different from shallow learning, which stays in mechanical memory and passively accepts information, deep learning attaches importance to the critical absorption of new knowledge, the connection between old and new knowledge and the solution of practical problems. Although there is no unified definition of the concept of deep learning in academic circles at present, it is generally believed that deep learning in basic education stage is an important way for students to form the core literacy of 2 1 century, which can prepare students for entering colleges and universities smoothly and their future careers. The connection between deep learning and core literacy lies in migration, that is, under the new situation of cultural connection, the knowledge and skills learned before are used to support new learning and solve problems. From this perspective, deep learning is a process, which exists not only in individual cognitive activities, but also in cooperation and communication among groups. One of the important learning achievements of this process is core literacy, which is a combination of transferable knowledge, skills and attitudes. The essence of core literacy determines that its acquisition must depend on the process of deep learning, and once the core literacy is formed, it will strongly support deep learning, and the two are complementary and virtuous.
Teaching reform strategy of "deep learning" oriented to core literacy
Curriculum reform based on core literacy has become an international trend, but the adoption of new curriculum may not necessarily improve students' academic performance. "For students, bad courses and good teaching methods are better than good courses and bad teaching methods, and teaching methods are better than courses. Unless we are committed to developing teaching methods that lead to students' deep learning, students' academic performance will still be below the standard requirements. " Children can carry out complex thinking and reasoning in science, mathematics and other fields very early. As long as the teaching and guidance are properly designed, they can start the process of deep learning and develop transferable knowledge even before preschool. Deep learning towards core literacy needs the support of a series of teaching reforms.