Gauss is an important representative of a turning point in the history of mathematics, and many of his research results are of epoch-making significance.
1777 On April 30th, Gauss was born in a craftsman's family in Brunswick, Germany. When he was a child, his family was poor, and he was sponsored to enter school. /kloc-entered the university of gottingen at the age of 0/6, and then transferred to the university of Tate, Hemmes, where he obtained the doctorate of 1799. From 1807, he served as a professor at the University of G? ttingen and director of the G? ttingen Observatory until his death.
Gauss, known as a gifted mathematician, has shown great mathematical talent since he was a child. When he was in primary school, he calculated the sum of natural numbers from 1 to 100 in a short time. His method is to sum 50 logarithms, and the sum is 10 1. Meanwhile, the result is 5050. If this is just a trick, then he predicted the inevitable appearance of non-Euclidean geometry when he was 16 years old, also deduced the general form of binomial theorem, developed the theory of mathematical analysis, and had to admit his genius and wisdom.
In the same year when he entered the University of G? ttingen, Gauss discovered the prime number distribution theorem and the least square method. Then he turned to the calculation of surfaces and curves, and successfully obtained a Gaussian bell curve, which was widely used in probability calculation. The following year, at the age of 17, he first constructed the positive 17 angle with a ruler, which was the first important supplement to Euclidean geometry since ancient Greece.
1807, Gauss became a professor at the University of G? ttingen and director of the local observatory, and began to set foot in asteroid research. He used his three observations to determine the calculation method of asteroid orbits, and successfully calculated the orbits of ceres and wisdom stars. Since then, this method has almost been used in the calculation of asteroid orbits in astronomy.
From 18 18 to 1826, Gauss led the geodetic work in the Principality of Hanover. By using the method of measurement adjustment and solving linear equations, the measurement accuracy is greatly improved. During this period, he measured during the day and calculated at night. In the first five or six years, he experienced millions of geodetic data calculations. Later, he turned to the research and calculation of measured data, and derived the projection formula from ellipse to sphere. These theories still have great application value today.
In the long-term measurement, he invented the sunlight reflector, which can reflect the light beam to a place 450 kilometers away. However, in order to make accurate measurement with solar reflector, it is necessary to solve the theoretical relationship between surface and projection. During this period, Gauss began to study surface and projection theory. The research results in this field laid the foundation for the later creation of differential geometry. In the study of non-Euclidean geometry, he proposed and proved that the parallel postulate of Euclidean geometry was not inevitable in physics, because he was worried that his contemporaries could not understand this theory, which was not published in the end. But later quantum mechanics proved the correctness of his view.
Gauss's achievements in mathematics are very extensive, and he has made pioneering contributions in differential geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, hypergeometric series, number theory and elliptic function theory, and introduced mathematical methods into the research of astronomy, geodesy and magnetism, and made great achievements. 1855 On February 23rd, 79-year-old Gauss died in G? ttingen. In memory of him, a Gauss statue with a square base of 17 was built on the campus of the University of G? ttingen.