Advanced Mathematics: It is generally believed that advanced mathematics is a basic subject formed by calculus, algebra, geometry and their intersection.
Linear algebra is a branch of mathematics, and its research objects are vectors, vector spaces (or linear spaces), linear transformations and linear equations with finite dimensions.
Probability theory and mathematical statistics: the main contents include the basic concepts of probability theory, random variables and their probability distribution, numerical characteristics, law of large numbers and central limit theorem, statistics and their probability distribution, parameter estimation and hypothesis testing, regression analysis, variance analysis, Markov chain, etc.