Project characteristics
As the largest water control project in the world today, the Three Gorges Project has very typical characteristics, mainly in the following aspects: the project scale is huge. For example, the concrete volume of the main project is 26.5 million m3, which is about twice that of Itaipu Power Station in Brazil and 2.5 times that of Gezhouba Project built in China. The total installed capacity of the power station is 18200MW, which is about 1.45 times that of Itaipu Power Station, and the final installed capacity is 1.6 times that of Itaipu Power Station.
This project has tight construction period and high strength. If the second phase of the project is completed within 6 years, excluding the time of river closure, foundation pit pumping, excavation, metal knot and electromechanical installation, the peak of concrete pouring will basically be concentrated in about 3 years, making the average annual strength reach more than 4 million m3 and the highest annual strength reach more than 5 million m3, which is extremely rare in the history of hydropower construction in the world.
There are many specialties in the construction of engineering projects, and the technology is complex and difficult. It involves hundreds of sub-majors, such as civil engineering, metal structure and electromechanical. , and it needs multiple specialties to work in parallel, so technical coordination is very complicated.
The project management system is very huge. Including organization and command system, technical information system, operation management system, equipment management system and other systems, it is difficult to organize, command and coordinate. Construction project management should be synchronized from organization and command, information transmission, high technology, equipment configuration, material supply, quality tracking, schedule control, contract management and other aspects. This requires the project management system to be lean, efficient, flexible and easy to operate.
Innovation and practice
In view of the characteristics of the above-mentioned Three Gorges Project construction project management, China Gezhouba Group Company, which undertakes the main construction task of the project, has been innovating and practicing in project management since it entered the Three Gorges Project construction at the end of 1992, and has achieved a series of breakthrough results.
Computer integrated monitoring system for concrete production and transportation. According to the characteristics of the Three Gorges dam concrete, such as large amount of work, complex structure and continuous high-intensity construction, after repeated argumentation, the pouring scheme with tower (roof) belt crane as the main part and large gantry tower crane and cable crane as the auxiliary part was finally chosen. When the tower (top) belt conveyor is used to pour concrete, the concrete will be directly transported by the belt conveyor feed line after leaving the mixing building, and then sent to the warehouse by the tower belt conveyor, thus forming an uninterrupted construction "one-stop" system for concrete transportation and pouring. In order to give full play to the advantages of high-speed, high-strength and continuous construction of the pouring system of tower belt conveyor, and make all links in the process of raw material preparation, concrete mixing, transportation and pouring work efficiently and harmoniously, we have developed a comprehensive computer monitoring system for concrete production and transportation. The main content and innovation of this system: Taking the Three Gorges Project as the object, a computer comprehensive monitoring system integrating video, monitoring, control, scheduling and management is established for the whole process of concrete production, transportation and pouring, including the monitoring, scheduling and management of concrete production, transportation and pouring and key production equipment, forming an interdisciplinary and multi-professional comprehensive information platform. This is the first time that China has implemented all-round computer integrated monitoring for large-scale water conservancy projects, which has not been reported internationally. Theoretically, the mathematical model of the whole process of concrete production, transportation and pouring is established for the first time, and computer simulation is carried out. At the same time, combined with the characteristics of the Three Gorges Project, an engineering heuristic optimization scheduling algorithm for the whole process of concrete production, transportation and pouring is established. Through the implementation, the cost of concrete production, transportation and pouring is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved, and the virtual square rate of concrete is controlled within 2%. The on-line monitoring of temperature in the whole process of concrete production, transportation and pouring is realized. From the monitoring of aggregate temperature to the storage temperature of concrete, the data is obtained by sensors and then transmitted to the terminal, and the operator can monitor and adjust it conveniently and intuitively. The accurate positioning of the distribution drum of the tower belt conveyor and the on-line control of concrete production, transportation and pouring are realized. The concept of "warehouse design" is put forward for job optimization scheduling system. By inputting the basic data of typical warehouse in the computer in advance, the running state of tower belt conveyor is simulated, which is combined with warehouse construction and transmitted to the terminal to realize the purpose of online control. Using the latest development of multimedia information technology, monitoring technology and communication technology, it is of great scientific significance and engineering application value to establish networks and databases, realize data sharing, and realize concrete production management and decision-making. It has established new management ideas and concepts for the construction of large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects and provided effective monitoring means.
After the implementation of the project, a number of key technical problems, such as comprehensive monitoring of dam construction management, full-range monitoring of concrete temperature, prevention of concrete mixing and misplacement, have been effectively solved, which has played a guiding role in ensuring concrete pouring quality, reducing costs, improving the dispatching management level of managers, improving the utilization rate of resources and the intact rate of production equipment, and finding problems in concrete production, transportation and pouring in time. The system is safe, reliable and easy to operate, and can meet the needs of production process. It is a comprehensive monitoring system with innovative value and high practical value, which has reached the international advanced level in modeling and optimal scheduling of concrete production, transportation and pouring process. At present, the system is being popularized and applied in dam concrete pouring of the Three Gorges Project and the Longtan Project in Guangxi.
Concrete pouring warehouse surface management system. The concrete dam is composed of several dam sections, each dam section is composed of several dam blocks, and each dam block is formed by pouring one by one. Under the guidance of the concept that all processes can be recorded with a recorder, we independently developed a concrete pouring warehouse surface management system, including how to effectively monitor whether each working procedure in each warehouse is executed in strict accordance with the prescribed procedures, how to accurately and comprehensively record the execution process, and how to process, analyze and judge the records. The system records the whole process of concrete pouring in real time through the warehouse surface recorder (warehouse label); Through the computer network database, the concrete construction warehouse surface is designed, and the information recorded by the warehouse surface recorder is counted, queried and analyzed. The system realizes the management, monitoring and tracking of the concrete pouring warehouse surface, and finds the problems in time and traces them effectively. The main design points are as follows: the warehouse surface design system based on database platform is fast and convenient, and the format is unified and standardized, which is conducive to information management such as query and statistics; The data of pouring process is recorded by the recorder. In the process of recording, the time is determined by the instrument system. The recorder cannot be changed, let alone write memoirs or even fabricate information afterwards, which ensures the authenticity, accuracy and integrity of the process record. The recorded information is saved in the form of computer database, which is convenient for processing, analysis and evaluation.
The intelligent warehouse surface management information system (MIS) based on the network is researched and developed. The intelligent information technology is closely combined with advanced warehouse surface management technology, and a comprehensive intelligent application system is established, which processes and analyzes all the recorded information in the concrete pouring process, and automatically generates the final warehouse surface report, quality evaluation analysis report and so on. All information can be accessed online, which provides decision support for command and dispatch and technical management personnel, ensures efficient work on site, realizes all-round supervision and control on the construction site, and plays a positive role in ensuring concrete pouring quality and improving construction project management level.
Simulation system of dam construction progress. As mentioned earlier, the concrete pouring unit of the Three Gorges Project is the warehouse. Seen from the plane, there are only 108 concrete pouring positions in the spillway dam section. In the process of pouring, the rise of each position is restricted by many factors, such as the height difference between adjacent blocks, foundation constraints, weather, temperature, intermittence, pouring opportunity and means, etc. Obviously, these restrictions will adversely affect the construction progress. In order to find the optimal solution between meeting these constraints and meeting the requirements of concrete construction strength or progress, computer simulation technology is one of the first choice methods to solve such problems. The simulation system is used to analyze the dam construction progress, which can study the performance of the system without disturbing the operation of the real system, and run the model representing the real system on the computer according to specific rules. The advantage of system simulation is that it will not affect and destroy the real system. At the same time, it can also reflect some behaviors of real systems. Compared with physical experiments, it has the characteristics of flexibility, convenience and low cost. On the other hand, when some factors of the real system are not experimental, a simulation system can still be established. Compared with the mathematical analytical model, the simulation model can consider many factors, especially when the mechanism of these factors is very complicated, the advantages of the simulation model are more prominent. In the dam construction of hydropower station, the construction progress is affected by many uncertain factors. The simulation system can preview the construction progress under various conditions in advance, and then select the best, which provides a scientific basis for construction decision-making and lays a solid foundation for ensuring the construction progress and reducing the construction cost.
Through the application of the system in the concrete pouring of the Three Gorges Dam, the scientific modeling and calculation of the pouring process are realized, and the deviation of manual methods is reduced. The rapid comparison of pouring construction schemes is realized, and the work efficiency and accuracy are greatly improved; Realize the feedback analysis of on-site construction and guide the construction unit to take measures in advance; The dynamic display of the whole construction process is realized, which makes the concrete pouring process more intuitive and vivid. The real-time control and dynamic management of concrete pouring are realized, and the actual construction progress is prevented from deviating greatly from the progress target.
Progress of Three Gorges Project 14 years. In the past ten years, with the efforts of all builders, the project management has been constantly innovated and practiced, which has enabled the Three Gorges Project to advance smoothly in accordance with the predetermined quality, time limit, safety and civilized production goals and become a model of large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects in the world.
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