First of all, we know that black holes are characterized by gravity, which is strong enough to tear and devour everything. A black hole only 2 kilometers in size can completely devour the sun, and its power can be imagined! Its gravity is so great that light cannot escape. When light enters a black hole, it will be sucked in. If you shine a flashlight on a black hole, you will find that the diameter of the light is distorted. In fact, the light is not bent, but the space around the black hole is bent. This distortion phenomenon is called lens effect.
Black holes will affect the surrounding space-time. Similarly, the farther away from the black hole, the weaker and stronger the gravity. Then you will find that the black hole does not directly devour the object, and the object will be pulled into noodles under the action of its tidal force, which is the spaghetti effect.
When you enter a black hole, you will follow this principle. A large amount of light enters the accretion disk of the black hole, making a huge disk outside the black hole. Because the inside and outside of the accretion disk have different effects on time and space, when we observe the black hole sucking the base disk, you will find that the surrounding celestial bodies are distorted, which is the space-time distortion when light is subjected to extreme gravity. Of course, because the light absorbed by the black hole can't escape, we can only detect its absorption disk and thermal radiation, but we can't see its body inside.
It is through the lens effect of black holes that people can see distant galaxies. The light emitted by these distant galaxies will be amplified when passing through supermassive celestial bodies (such as galaxy clusters), thus releasing the lens effect, so that people can see galaxies and celestial bodies beyond1300 million light years.
In a large number of excellent sci-fi movies in recent years, the black hole in Interstellar is undoubtedly the most real. The time expansion experienced by the protagonist and his party on the planet around the super black hole "tuya, КаΥан" also reflects the difference between the time passing speed around the black hole and that on the earth. However, in Interstellar, we didn't see what the space around the black hole was distorted.
In fact, if we really want to "see" the space-time distorted by the black hole, we need the observer to be far enough away from the black hole, and there is no barrier between them. However, the most powerful telescope of human civilization in the visible light band today is the Hubble telescope at the end of last century, which is far from being able to directly observe the space-time around the black hole through thick interstellar dust, so the dynamic pictures of the black hole we see today are all computer special effects.
Fortunately, the general theory of relativity tells us that black holes are only celestial bodies with strong gravity, and other celestial bodies in the universe have gravity, so they will distort space-time more or less, but they are not as "conspicuous" as black holes.
The biggest "space-time distortion" found by modern astronomers in the universe is Einstein lens, which is composed of several galaxies and has hundreds of billions of stars. In Hubble's view, the huge gravity of these galaxies makes space-time appear like a magnifying glass, so astronomers often use Einstein lenses to observe more distant galaxies.
All massive celestial bodies can bend the surrounding space-time The discovery of gravitational waves confirmed Einstein's prediction a hundred years ago.
As the most massive celestial body in the universe, the space-time curvature of black holes is even more incredible.
Yesterday, scientists released the first black hole photo taken by human beings for the first time and cheered for it. However, to be pessimistic, if the black hole is compared to a ghost in the universe, then human beings just photographed a cloud of dust that rolled up after it floated by.
Humans have just photographed a bright accretion disk on the edge of a black hole. We can't see the black hole itself and we won't see it in the future. We can only infer some characteristics of black holes by studying the astronomical phenomena around them.
Because nothing can escape the clutches of a black hole.
Many people think that the gravity of a black hole is so great that even photons can't escape, so a black hole is black.
This view is actually wrong.
The mass of photons is zero, so gravity cannot "absorb" photons, so the speed of light is always constant in a vacuum.
But why can't light escape from a black hole?
The reason is the distortion of space by black holes.
The mass of a black hole is enormous. Take the supermassive black hole in the center of Virgo Supergiant star elliptical galaxy M87 as an example. Its mass is 6.5 billion times that of the sun. Under such great gravity, the surrounding space-time is "Bai Wan".
Of course, this is our observation from a long distance, but if you are in a black hole, assuming you can live, at this time, assuming you follow a standard straight line, you will find that one day, you will return to the original point.
Very strange! A straight line becomes a circle? !
Light will not take a detour, but will only travel along a straight line, so when it "falls" into a black hole, it will be "trapped" like us and never get out of the maze of the black hole.
This is why black holes exist in the horizon. Space-time in the horizon is extremely curved, and nothing we can observe can escape.
Black holes are black, that's why!
In fact, inside the black hole is an extremely bright world!
Fun and interesting popular science knowledge, welcome to pay attention to this girl!
In fact, from the point of view of atomic physics, black holes exist, so I won't talk about their principles. But there is no such thing as a black hole in the scientific community. All explanations about black holes are nonsense, which is also the speculation of senior scientists. However, modern scientists continue to follow the footsteps of senior scientists and continue to advance on the wrong road wave after wave!
The space in a black hole is distorted, yes.
Not only the space in a black hole is distorted, but also the space-time around massive celestial bodies is distorted to varying degrees, so the distorted space-time is also called curvature of spacetime. The greater the curvature, the greater the distortion of time and space, thus forming gravitational waves. Yes, the singularity curvature of space-time in a black hole is infinite.
Yes, Einstein said curvature of spacetime theory again!
According to the gravitational field equation of Einstein's general relativity in 19 15, the universe is a gravitational field. In this field, the quality of celestial bodies determines the nature of time and space, so time and space become uneven, leading to the distortion of time and space. The curvature of space-time will also produce gravity. When light passes through the twisted space-time, it will change its path and become curved. That's why black holes can swallow up all the light. It is because the infinite mass of the black hole makes the space-time infinitely distorted, and the light entering here is swallowed up by the black hole with the curvature of the space-time.
And this bending of time and space is seen by others as a powerful gravity produced by a mass celestial body, which changes the light. So Einstein put forward the general theory of relativity in 19 15, and then put forward the gravitational wave in 19 16. Gravitational waves are ripples that bend in time and space, radiating energy in the form of waves. It's like throwing a stone into a lake, which produces a turbulent water wave.
Scientists have built various gravitational wave detectors, and successfully detected the first gravitational wave signal on September 5, 20 14, and the second gravitational wave signal on June 20 16.
Many people, including me before, mistakenly believe that gravity is produced by the mass object itself. Later, I learned that gravity is actually that mass objects change the peripheral curvature of time and space, making mass celestial bodies enter each other's gravitational fields, thus forming the ups and downs of gravitational waves.
How to understand gravitational waves that distort time and space?
Black hole is a distortion of space, which is the most extensive and mainstream understanding of black hole by most people (including experts in general relativity).
And is the black hole really a distortion of space? This may be the subject's problem, that is, what kind of spatial distortion.
It can be said that the current mainstream "distortion" is absolute understanding deviation and interpretation error. In particular, some diagrams depicting the gravitational effect, that is, the concave effect diagram formed by the pressure of a heavy ball on a film, are absolutely wrong.
Using "distortion" to describe a black hole is only an approximate understanding on the surface. In fact, space cannot be distorted, which can be proved by the results of physical experiments and mathematical logic (omitted here). There is another reason for the so-called "distortion" of space, which is caused by another factor, similar to the "distortion" of space, but it is by no means that space is distorted by matter.
If we have to imagine the "distortion" of space, it is a kind of trap field, which goes to the center of the trap from all directions, but it is not a space distortion.
My point of view
If you want to know the inside of a black hole and how it passes and practices martial arts, the ancient high-tech Kung Fu masters in China have already seen through it. Doing it wrong is like boiling water. You have no water. Boil an empty pot, burn it for nothing, burn it out First, find water. Water is in your heart because of the sea, which is the heart. Where Master the Monkey King lives, Samsung Xieyue Cave refers to the heart. Hold your heart, count your heartbeat and practice for three months. Then, introduce this blood into the uterus, that is, one inch and eight points above the navel, and keep it for three months. Then, lead the heat flow to the lower abdomen, that is, one inch and three points below the navel, and start practicing Dan. When Dan is finished, it will be sealed in Dantian. When the water is hot, it will guide the heat flow through the coccyx and through the spine from behind. If you are sealed in the abdomen, you will not increase or decrease, but you will be gentle. Raising dantian in October will definitely show your magical powers. You can cover your ears, hear things thousands of miles away, and you can see things coming from your eyes. Here, take care of yourself. I can connect the energy of the universe and use it for me. It can be from heaven to earth, not limited to the five elements and three realms. While the Chinese are still debating whether Guan Gong's special function is true or not, Americans have quietly used it in intelligence warfare.
Black hole photo
Some puzzling questions.
First, the black hole is 55 million light years away from the earth, which is the distance traveled by the speed of light in 55 million years. So what is the material speed of the virtual radio telescope used by scientists around the world this time? Black holes can be seen in a few days and data processing lasts for two years. ?
Second, the space of a black hole is 6.5 billion times the diameter of the earth. How did such a very large celestial body become so small in the visual orbit of 55 million light years? ?
Third, there are no other closely overlapping celestial bodies in the visual straight-line orbit from the earth to the black hole. ?
Who can dispel doubts and doubts?
5 -50 dimensions