12 famous teachers from xigong University High School, Xi Gaoxin No.1 Middle School, Xi Antie No.1 Middle School, Shaanxi Normal University High School, Xi Jiaotong University High School, Xi 'an Middle School, Xi 'an 85 Middle School, Xi 'an High School, Xi 'an 83 Middle School, Xi 'an No.1 Middle School, Xi 'an High School and Xi 'an New Oriental School, through careful study of the examination syllabus, conveyed the information that can not be ignored in preparing for the exam.
. Chinese
Innovation in change permeates the concept of curriculum reform.
Jiao Jun, Senior Teacher of the High School Attached to Xigong University
Lulu, a senior teacher of Xi Antie
■ [Proposition trend]
Compared with last year, there is no literal change in the Chinese syllabus of the 2009 college entrance examination. As the outline of last year's college entrance examination, it will still maintain the trend of seeking change in stability and innovation in change, gradually infiltrate the new curriculum concept, and smoothly connect with the outline of next year's college entrance examination.
■ [Review Points]
1. Memory application
The test points of Chinese memory ability in college entrance examination include pronunciation, font, literary common sense, famous sentences and so on. The knowledge in this section is fragmentary and easy to repeat, so we should practice hard to make students familiar and vivid.
There are seven test sites on the level of expression and application ability, in which words (including idioms), sick sentences, expansion and compression, sentence imitation, coherence and appropriateness are often tested and new, and the corpus is rich and diverse. Students should read more new questions, broaden their horizons, pay attention to understanding and analysis, and sum up the rules in review.
2. Reading appreciation
The examination of reading ability in the syllabus points to ancient poetry and modern literature, focusing on understanding the meaning of words and phrases, screening and summarizing the content, summarizing and analyzing opinions, and appreciating language skills.
For poetry appreciation, we should have "four views" when reviewing, that is, look at the topic and author, the theme and genre, and the notes and poems. "Four steps", that is, the first step, distinguish the theme and genre, and find the law; The second step is to convey meaning and recite rhyme with images; The third step is to identify the technique and ponder the effect; The fourth step is to chew and understand.
3. Writing training
In recent years, college entrance examination composition has returned to limited material composition, and it is undoubtedly more difficult to examine questions than topic composition. The most important judgment point of marking is the examination of the topic, and the examination of the composition must strive to "conform to the meaning of the topic." Don't write your ideas too implicitly and deeply, it's best to make it easier for reviewers to understand your point of view. Be sure to put what you want to say most, the most wonderful sentence that can express the center, in the most obvious position: either at the beginning of a paragraph or as a separate paragraph.
We should form the habit of outlining; The above outline of examination room is necessary, which can help to clarify the thinking, establish a relatively complete structure and make the thinking clear. Don't scribble, and the font size is moderate. Reading papers online is especially important.
■ [Preparation suggestion]
1. Prepare three notebooks.
Accumulate a book: copy down common typos, synonyms and idioms in time. Composition materials should be classified and stored before the exam. Second, the wrong book: record the wrong questions in each exam, correct the mistakes, analyze the reasons, read frequently, strengthen memory and avoid repeating mistakes. Three summary books: summarizing the regularity of knowledge, thinking and skills of answering questions, etc. For example, ill sentences can be summarized as follows: remember six kinds of ill sentences, and pay attention to eight words-quantifiers, prepositions, two-faced words, pronouns, negative words, related words, the word "yes" and the word "he" indicating the coordinate relationship. On the basis of the textbook, the review of classical Chinese should summarize the usage of notional words, different meanings in ancient and modern times, compound words with partial meanings and flexible use of parts of speech, including causative action, intention and behavior.
2. Pay attention to life and have a wonderful collection.
The college entrance examination is getting closer to life and pays attention to the atmosphere of the times. In the final review stage, we should pay more attention to the current affairs around us, browse newspapers and magazines more, activate our reading ability, carefully select the articles we like, not too many, choose different types suitable for our writing temperament, bind them into books, and recite them irregularly, so that the college entrance examination can stimulate words and express spirit.
3. Strengthen awareness and practice role awareness.
Every year, when marking the college entrance examination papers, students will often lose points because of the lack of standardized answers and skills, such as written writing, the number of words, the omission of topics and so on. As long as we pay more attention to practicing exams, treat each model exam as a college entrance examination and develop a sense of the role of the examination room, these problems can be solved through good habits in the college entrance examination.
Mathematics (science)
Pay attention to "weaving nets" and don't forget to "mend nets"
Zhang Wenjun, a special teacher in high school affiliated to shaanxi normal university
■ [Proposition trend]
Zhang Wenjun believes that the 2009 college entrance examination mathematics (science) must inherit the successful experience of our province in the first three years, in order to achieve a smooth transition in the last year.
■ [Review Points]
He believes that there are two problems in the Examination Outline that should attract students' attention:
1. There are high requirements for functions and derivatives, trigonometric functions, plane vectors, probability statistics, series, inequalities, straight lines and planes, straight lines and conic curves in the examination syllabus, so these contents have also become the focus and hot spots of the college entrance examination proposition, and the college entrance examination will give questions based on these contents (that is, the key contents will be examined, which can also be seen from the college entrance examination questions in recent years), so these key contents must be mastered and emphasized when preparing for the exam. We should spend our limited time on the cutting edge, such as functions and derivatives, trigonometric functions, probability statistics, series and inequalities, solid geometry, analytic geometry and other key hot topics (special training can be carried out in this respect).
Second, in the examination syllabus, it is self-evident that 35 questions (14+6+ 15) are selected from the college entrance examination questions in the past ten years as "example questions". According to the proposition principle provided by the examination syllabus-"designing questions at the intersection of knowledge networks" and the analysis of sample questions, it can be seen that the questions of college entrance examination ability test are often an effective combination of several key points and hot spots.
■ [Preparation suggestion]
Later review, all kinds of information, simulation papers from all over the country poured in, but students should be aware of it. Generally speaking, before the end of March or the beginning of April, it is mainly the reproduction, identification and small synthesis of knowledge, with emphasis on basic and intermediate questions, that is, eliminating basic questions, conquering intermediate questions and temporarily amplifying comprehensive questions and problems. April to May is a special review and comprehensive simulation training of knowledge. The key point is to connect the knowledge points into lines, pave them into surfaces and weave them into nets, so that the required knowledge and methods can be successfully and effectively extracted from their own "memory bank" in solving problems.
Details determine success or failure. From a certain point of view, the ultimate goal of mathematics review is to put an end to mistakes, help students overcome them, and make fewer or even no mistakes. Therefore, in the later review, we should pay attention to error-prone questions, strengthen error correction training, and find out the causes of errors, so as to minimize the error rate in the future college entrance examination. Zhang Wenjun summed up five kinds of mistakes made by students in solving problems and exams:
Type:
(1) Error in examination of questions: mainly refers to the error caused by careless examination of questions, neglect of the purpose and significance of solving problems, and inability to find a solution idea.
(2) Knowledge error: mainly refers to the error caused by the unreliable grasp of basic knowledge, unclear memory and the wrong use of concepts, formulas, laws, properties and theorems.
(3) Method error: mainly refers to the error caused by the complexity or difficulty of solving problems or the large amount of calculation or the inability to solve them.
(4) Operation error: it mainly refers to careless or unclear arithmetic error, which is a common mistake among students.
(5) Bad habitual errors: mainly refer to errors caused by misreading, copying (writing correctly on the draft paper and writing wrongly on the answer sheet), filling in errors (B when thinking well and C when filling in the card), scribbling, irregular format and imperfect reasons.
Mathematics (literature)
Treat every exercise as a college entrance examination.
Li Liancheng, Senior Teacher of Xi No.1 Middle School
■ [Proposition trend]
The difficulty of mathematics (literature) test questions in 2009 should be the same as that in 2007 and 2008. In order to embody the new curriculum concept, the practical application ability will be further strengthened.
■ [Review Points]
Combined with the characteristics of the 2009 examination syllabus, the proposition situation in Shaanxi Province in recent years and the stability of the college entrance examination questions, Li Liancheng estimated that the following main knowledge will still be added to the mathematics (literature) questions in the college entrance examination in 2009:
1. function and derivative;
2. trigonometric functions: especially trigonometric functions in triangles;
3. Sequence and inequality, with arithmetic geometric series as the assessment focus;
4. For the examination of solid geometry, due to the consideration of the A and B versions, we will still take the vertical line as the main line, the included angle and distance as the test point, and the polyhedron as the background, paying special attention to the combination in practical problems. The investigation of spherical surface will still focus on the distance of spherical surface, the circumscribed and inscribed spherical surface of polyhedron;
5. In analytic geometry, we should pay attention to the positional relationship between straight line and conic curve, the problem of range and fixed value, and the synthesis of vector and analytic geometry;
6. In practical application, we should pay attention to the probability problem and the related content of reading materials in the textbook. We should use the knowledge of arithmetic and geometric series to solve practical problems, and use the knowledge of solving triangles to deal with practical problems such as related measurement.
■ [Preparation suggestion]
Li Liancheng suggested that in the last few months, liberal arts candidates should do a good job in reviewing and preparing for mathematics according to the words "earnest, standardized, accurate and reflective".
Conscientious: The first round of college entrance examination review is coming to an end. Candidates are required to listen carefully to the teacher's review arrangements, do everything well, listen carefully, avoid deviating from the teacher's guidance, do a good job in every comprehensive exercise paper, implement every test center, every method, every question type, and carefully record every mistake.
Standardization: Later candidates must do a certain number of high-quality comprehensive papers, which is also an important means to improve their comprehensive ability. It is suggested that each candidate standardize the answers and treat each exercise as a college entrance examination. Standardize the process and time of solving problems.
Accuracy: accurately grasp every knowledge point and basic problem-solving ideas, and avoid losing points caused by non-intellectual factors such as incompleteness, miscalculation and carelessness.
Reflection: reflect on your own problems through the practice of comprehensive examination papers. Pay attention to the implementation of knowledge points and the ideas, methods and skills of solving problems, reflect on essential problems, and pay attention to the induction and summary of multiple solutions to one problem.
English
Let readers win the world
Yang Zhibin, Senior Teacher of No.85 Middle School in Xi City
Chen Can, an English expert at Xi New Oriental School.
■ [Proposition trend]
Yang Zhibin believes that on the basis of independent propositions in the first three years, the propositions of NMET English in Shaanxi in 2009 will still follow the principles of closely following the outline, smooth transition, highlighting the text, emphasizing application and paying attention to communication.
Chen Can believes that among the popular grammar test sites frequently tested in recent years, it is expected that three lexical items (tense/voice of verbs, non-predicate verbs and modal verbs) and three syntactic items (noun clauses, attributive clauses and adverbial clauses) will still be compulsory test sites, in which tense/voice and non-predicate verbs are expected to take about two tests respectively, while modal verbs are 1 and three clauses *. Scene collocation and fixed collocation 1! Among the test sites that have not been tested in recent years: stressed sentences, antonyms, ellipsis and nouns also need to be reviewed this year.
Reading questions should focus on details, accounting for about 60%, and topics such as theme, inference and vocabulary should also be paid attention to. We should pay special attention to the test sites that have not been tested in Shaanxi in the past three years: the genre of practical writing (this genre of writing has not been tested in Shaanxi for three years, but the syllabus requires strengthening the examination of language use, so students must strengthen the practice of this style. ) sorting questions, chart questions, and number questions.
■ [Review Points]
Yang Zhibin believes that the 2009 Shaanxi college entrance examination will highlight the following abilities:
1. Pay attention to the examination of English ability. The current college entrance examination mainly examines the use of language, that is, the ability to listen, speak, read and write in real life. Among them, the examination of verb application ability is still the focus.
2. Pay attention to the examination of comprehensive cultural quality. The use of language in real life, even the simplest, will inevitably involve the use of communicative competence other than language competence.
3. Reading comprehension ability is the key test ability. The college entrance examination highlights the test of reading ability. This is not only reflected in the fact that reading comprehension questions account for the largest proportion in the test paper, but also in the fact that reading ability is the most basic ability to answer cloze, written expression, single fill-in-the-blank and other questions.
4. Emphasize the mastery of basic knowledge and skills. As a selective examination, college entrance examination mainly tests basic knowledge and skills, although there are some problems.
■ [Preparation suggestion]
In the last three months of review, two teachers suggested that candidates pay attention to the following aspects:
1. Mastering key grammar knowledge: On the basis of previous review, according to the requirements of the examination syllabus, sort out the list of grammar items required by the examination syllabus one by one, focusing on three syntax and morphology, but we should not blindly dig grammar, and pay attention to the flexible use of grammar knowledge in the actual language environment.
2. Read the outline vocabulary twice: for any language, if you don't understand its vocabulary, the possibility of reading it is almost zero. Before the college entrance examination, master more than 2000 words and phrases stipulated in the examination syllabus, so as to remember their shapes, know their meanings and understand their usage. Remember key words, especially verbs and phrasal verbs.
3. Strengthen reading training: NMET English has always been characterized by reading comprehension and won the readers' world. Insist on reading three short articles every day, and in the process of improving the text ability, focus on improving the ability to summarize the meaning of the text, logically analyze the internal structure of the text, and effectively grasp the logical terminology.
4. Strengthen special training: master the problem-solving skills of various questions: in the later review, we should strengthen special training, such as cloze, composition correction, writing training, etc., check our review effect and further improve our language use ability.
5. Pay attention to time-limited training: both the special training and the training of the whole set of simulated test questions must be completed within a time limit. The advantage of doing this is that you can enter the examination state as much as possible, improve the speed and efficiency of doing your own questions, and better adapt to the requirements of the college entrance examination.
6. Practice the true question of the college entrance examination in the past 2-3 years: This is the best question, and the proposition trend and difficulty are very stable! And the repetition rate is high.
politics
Individual knowledge points have been adjusted.
Jiang Yungui, Senior Teacher of the Middle School Affiliated to Xi Jiaotong University
Zhang Kang is a first-class teacher in the middle school affiliated to Xi Jiaotong University.
■ [Proposition trend]
Compared with 2008, only a few knowledge points were adjusted in 2009. For example, Political Common Sense only changed "implementing Theory of Three Represents" to "Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory System". Major current events at home and abroad are limited from April 2008 to March 2009.
■ [Review Points]
Pay attention to Scientific Outlook on Development's study and practice in review. Earthquake relief, * * * to build homes; Centennial Olympic Chinese Dream; New measures to deepen rural reform at the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee; Financial crisis and its countermeasures: "Shenzhou VII" traveled in space; Achievements in the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up; Drought resistance and other hot research. Reviewing hot topics, we should always firmly grasp Kurt's mission of political science, that is, we should highlight the national will and political values. For example, it embodies the construction of socialist democratic politics, embodies the major decision-making achievements of the country, and has great achievements in social development, which is of great forward-looking significance to future social development. "Political Common Sense" adds the knowledge point of "Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory System". When we know this knowledge point, we should not only systematically sort out the knowledge according to the teaching materials, but also think deeply in combination with social hotspots. Among them, this review should not only sort out related issues according to the teaching materials, but also comprehensively analyze and understand the relevant policy spirit and national will of our government this year.
■ [Preparation suggestion]
The review of college entrance examination is divided into three parts: test site knowledge, current affairs and exercise training.
According to the college entrance examination outline, master the basic knowledge points of textbooks, build a knowledge network system, accurately remember and use living knowledge, and lay a solid foundation. Specifically, we should do: ① integrate knowledge points, straighten things out, pay attention to the relationship between knowledge points, and build a knowledge network system; Understand the basic knowledge points, achieve mastery through a comprehensive study and avoid fragmentation. It is necessary to understand the spirit of the textbook and correctly remember the viewpoints and subject terms; ② Practice cooperation. Strengthen basic exercises, choose college entrance examination questions in recent years, and experience the difficulty and requirements of college entrance examination questions; ③ Infiltrate social hotspots, pay attention to study how it embodies textbook knowledge and use textbook knowledge to analyze and explain it.
The review of current politics should pay attention to social reality, understand the will of the state and cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems. Specifically: ① Multi-angle three-dimensional thinking; ② Vertical and horizontal connection; ③ Pay attention to thinking and analysis.
Exercise training, pay attention to cultivating answering skills and improving answering ability, such as neat handwriting, standardized answering, correct use of subject words, attention to scoring points, especially the ability to draw inferences. For example, answering questions requires students to examine questions, solve problems and answer questions.
history
"Small print content" can not be ignored
Ma Dongni, Senior Teacher of Xi No.83 Middle School
Propositional trend
In the past three years, the unified national college entrance examination questions have fluctuated greatly. In 2006 and 2007, there was a shock in paying attention to students' basic and memory ability, reading comprehension and comprehensive ability; In 2006, we paid attention to the basic knowledge of history, especially the examination of memory ability, which did not reflect the new curriculum concept to be introduced soon; Correcting mistakes in 2007 is a competency-oriented exam. One of the reading materials is called translated foreign language materials, and some students report that they can't understand these materials. However, in 2008, the college entrance examination questions were mild and the multiple-choice questions were impartial, which was not only closely related to the basic knowledge, but also in line with the teaching practice under the new high school history curriculum. The material problem is not difficult, the given materials can be seen, and the materials can be used to answer questions. Ma Dongni believes that this year's college entrance examination questions should continue the style of 2008 questions more.
■ [Review Points]
First of all, students should seriously study the objectives and requirements of comprehensive evaluation in the syllabus and understand what aspects the ability of college entrance examination is reflected in. Then, according to the scope of the examination in the history syllabus, master the basic knowledge in the syllabus comprehensively and accurately, focus on breaking through the key and difficult points, and pay special attention to hot issues. In 2008 and 2009, there were many social hot spots, mixed with sadness and joy, which had great influence. For example, Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, Beijing Olympic Games, 30 years of reform and opening up; The global financial crisis in 2008 and 2009, and the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China. These major hot issues are hard not to be concerned by the college entrance examination proposition. The historical changes of old and new China, the world market system, the economic policies of different countries in different periods, and the historical events of human response to social crisis can all be related to the above hot spots. In recent years, college entrance examination questions are getting closer to people's lives, and in history textbooks, most of them are small print reading. When reviewing, this part of the fine print content that belongs to the examination outline can not be ignored.
■ [Preparation suggestion]
In the latest round of review, on the one hand, we should consolidate the basic knowledge, on the other hand, we should comprehensively improve our comprehensive ability and test-taking ability and build our own knowledge system. Through the vertical and horizontal review of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign countries, we can learn to sort out scattered knowledge, find out the law of historical development, and organize it through the internal relations between knowledge to form a complete system. In this way, in the future college entrance examination, it can be clear, well-founded, comprehensive and accurate.
Thirdly, at this stage, we should strengthen the training of exam-taking ability, master the skills of the exam, reduce the mistakes in the exam to zero, and answer questions comprehensively, accurately and concisely. In the last round of review, we should make a comprehensive reflection on our own learning situation, check for missing parts, eliminate difficult problems, and pay attention to the college entrance examination questions in recent years in addition to the key points, difficulties and hot spots in exercise drills.
geography
Pay attention to "drought in the north"
Rao Chun, Senior Teacher of Xi 'an Middle School
■ [Proposition trend]
Compared with last year's syllabus, there is a textual amendment in the 2009 syllabus: that is, the expression of "Eastern Europe and Northern Europe" in "Part III World Geography" was amended as "Eastern Europe and Northern Europe" and "Eastern Europe and Northern Asia" in "Geography of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia". Consistent with the content of the thirteen divisions in the world. From the trend of examination questions, it emphasizes the examination of the main knowledge of the subject; Pay attention to the examination of candidates' learning ability; The test questions are designed to be close to life and focus on hot spots, such as the drought in the north this year.
■ [Review Points]
Paying attention to the examination of the main knowledge of the subject is the premise of geography learning and application, and it is also the concrete embodiment of the characteristics of geography. Including: the interpretation and expression of spatial positioning and geographical map, the geographical significance of earth movement, atmospheric movement and its influence, the movement law of different water bodies, the causes and changes of surface morphology, the causes of natural resources and natural disasters, the analysis of location factors and the dynamic development of human geographical elements (agriculture, industry, settlement, transportation, commerce, finance, culture and tourism).
■ [Preparation suggestion]
Through the first round of study, students have a more systematic understanding of the basic knowledge of geography. The second round of review must be based on the application of main knowledge, combined with news hotspots, and improve the ability of geography examination.
1. Weaving knowledge networks based on problems
In the college entrance examination over the years, geography questions were introduced in the form of cases to investigate geographical knowledge and basic ability. In teaching, the geographical knowledge system is used as the context to weave the geographical knowledge context. When reviewing, we should take the problems in life as the starting point, connect with what we have learned, weave the network and improve our thinking.
For example, the case of "drought in the north" can be related to the manifestations, interrelationships, spatial distribution, causes, countermeasures and their impact on people's production and life.
2. Strengthen the graphic language and learn to analyze and use geographical icons.
According to the geographical illumination map, practice fully in review, observe different geographical illumination maps with flashlights and globes, practice fully in review, observe images seen from different angles with flashlights and globes, and learn to draw multi-angle illumination maps. The local illumination map appearing in the exam should be restored to the global illumination map of the earth, and the observation angle should be found, and then analyzed and explained according to the basic laws.
For contour maps, we must memorize the judgment principles. Such as numerical inference, numerical change induction, trend description, bending reason analysis, etc.
In view of the geographical statistics icon, we must investigate the meaning of the problem, clarify the problem, and return to the knowledge system or life experience.
physics
The exam is based on "power and electricity"
Yao Xianglong, a senior teacher in Gaoxin, Xi.
■ [Proposition trend]
Yao Xianglong predicted that the 2009 college entrance examination in physics would focus on "power and electricity". Judging from the reference test paper, except for four multiple-choice questions (accounting for 24 points), all other questions will examine the knowledge of power and electricity. It is estimated that this year's college entrance examination will still reach more than 80% of the questions involved in these two parts, and the difficulty of the examination is expected to be similar to last year.
■ [Review Points]
Main knowledge: the knowledge points that have made great progress in human understanding, such as the relationship between force and motion, several conservation laws, etc.
Key knowledge of non-key parts: reflecting the key points in the development of physics, such as the estimation of microscopic quantities, photoelectric effect, energy level, decay law, mass-energy relationship, etc.
Other important knowledge points: such as wave, function relation, concept of field and superposition of fields.
Important research methods: such as estimation method, idealized model, mirror image method and so on.
The weak link of middle school teaching: attaching importance to the conclusion but neglecting the process; Heavy quantitative calculation, light qualitative analysis; Pay more attention to theory than experiment; Attach importance to logical thinking and ignore image thinking; Pay more attention to subject knowledge than practice.
The latest scientific and technological achievements and physical problems involved in major events at home and abroad. Combined with the actual background; Practical value of modeling problems.
■ [Preparation suggestion]
Review should pay attention to networking and systematizing the knowledge of the whole senior high school, connecting the learned knowledge into a line, paving it into a surface, weaving it into a net, combing out the knowledge structure and organically combining it. College entrance examination training should focus on intermediate questions. As long as students' ability is improved, they can completely cope with difficult problems.
Strict problem-solving norms, induction of problem-solving methods and proper classification of problems will play a role in reasoning. In fact, new problems are always like this. Sorting out the wrong questions and the places that are easy to make mistakes is very helpful to improve your grades. Strengthen the training of experimental skills and improve experimental ability.
The experimental topic focuses on applying the experimental principles and methods learned to solve experimental problems in new situations. Besides being familiar with students' experiments and important demonstration experiments stipulated in books, we should also pay attention to the training of designing experiments.
Practice daily training, develop a good view of time effect and solid basic skills in the usual review process, and strive to meet certain requirements in the quantity and quality of test questions completed in unit time.
chemistry
Pay attention to social hot issues
Yang Sheng, Senior Teacher of Xi 'an High School.
■ [Proposition trend]
It is predicted that the length and difficulty of the chemistry examination paper in the college entrance examination in 2009 are basically the same as those in 2008, with a slight change.
■ [Review Points]
Paying attention to the examination of basic knowledge and skills of chemistry will also lead to some social hot issues about chemistry and society, chemistry and human sustainable development, and will also penetrate the new curriculum concept. The outline basically covers many knowledge points from junior high school to senior high school, but the main test sites are still focused on the basic concepts of chemistry, the understanding of basic theories, the examination of simple application ability and the basic operation of chemical experiments.
Specifically, let NA represent the value of Avogadro constant. Whether the following statements are correct or not: the relationship between the amount of substance and the number of particles and the volume of gas, whether ions can exist in large quantities, the right or wrong judgment of ion reaction equation, the understanding and application of various concepts of redox reaction, the correct writing and judgment of redox reaction equation, the periodic law of elements and its application, Chemical bond (ionic bond and * * *) to understand the concept of valence bond) and molecular structure (to judge polar molecules and nonpolar molecules), the types and properties of crystals, the concept and expression of chemical reaction rate, the understanding of the concept of chemical equilibrium and the influencing factors of equilibrium movement, ionization equilibrium (the concepts of electrolyte and non-electrolyte, strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte, the ionic product of water, the acidity and alkalinity of solution, the essence of salt hydrolysis, the concentration of hydrogen ions and the calculation of PH value of solution. ), understand the concept of reaction heat and write thermochemical equations, electrochemistry (writing and simple calculation of electrode reaction between primary battery and electrolytic cell), organic chemistry foundation (taking typical hydrocarbons and derivatives as examples to master the properties of common functional groups, distinguish the concepts of homologues and isomers, list isomers, and judge the types of organic reactions, etc. ), knowledge of elements and their compounds (based on chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, sodium, magnesium, aluminum and iron is the key to master the properties and uses of simple substances and their common main compounds), design and evaluation of chemical experiment schemes and comprehensive skills, simple calculation of chemical equations (redox reaction), and writing of chemical terms (electronic, molecular formula, structural formula, simple structure and atomic structure schematic diagram).
■ [Preparation suggestion]
The last three months of chemistry review should be closely combined with the outline, and the textbooks should be deducted according to the outline. Correctly handle the last three months of chemistry review, the textbook should be closely combined with the outline, and the relationship between the textbook and the training questions should be correctly handled. Pay attention to the backbone, build a knowledge network, and consolidate and improve students' knowledge structure. Combine comprehensive training with special training to train test-taking skills and standardize answering questions. Pay attention to chemistry and current social hot issues, as well as the types of chemistry test questions in the college entrance examination in the experimental area of curriculum reform.
biology
Focus on the internal relationship of knowledge.
Ji, a senior teacher in the middle school attached to Xida University
■ [Proposition trend]
The comprehensive biology part of the examination syllabus in 2009 is the same as that in 2008. In recent years, the national biology examination questions are arranged reasonably and the difficulty is moderate. It is estimated that the characteristics of the biology college entrance examination questions in 2009 are: 1. The test paper structure is stable and comprehensive; The test questions focus on the outline and highlight the key points; The difficulty is moderate, focusing on the internal relationship of knowledge. 2. The new curriculum concept will be reflected in the college entrance examination, and the test questions will have the shadow of new ideas and new curriculum standards, which is conducive to the integration with the new curriculum reform. 3. The main knowledge is still high-frequency test sites: basic questions will still account for a certain proportion; Focus on cell, metabolism, heredity, regulation, homeostasis, ecology and bioengineering; Figures, tables and curves still provide information for examination questions; There will be questions with experiments and experiments as the background.
■ [Review Points]
Biology focuses on reviewing special topics, especially those related to biotechnology. The main topics are as follows:
① Special topics on cell (material basis) ② Special topics on metabolism (reproductive development) ③ Special topics on regulation and steady state ④ Special topics on genetic engineering and fermentation engineering ⑤ Special topics on heredity, cell engineering and breeding ⑤ Special topics on ecology ⑤ Special topics on experiments: experimental review should be strengthened, experimental investigation can be divided into verification and inquiry, and all the experiments learned should have clear principles and purposes. When designing the experiment, pay attention to: the variables are unique, there are controls, the analysis results are appropriate, and the conclusions are appropriate.
■ [Preparation suggestion]
Teacher Ji suggested that when reviewing in the near future, we should lay a solid foundation, take the outline as the "outline", jump out of the sea of questions, and don't do it when you see the questions. Without basic knowledge and skills, students' ability is difficult to form. The continuous accumulation of basic knowledge is the prerequisite for students to form various abilities, and this link is precisely the weak link of many students. Therefore, the current review should be carried out on a small scale on the basis of mastering the basic knowledge, and strive to lay a good foundation for the subsequent review.
In review, we should pay attention to combing unit knowledge points, analyzing knowledge levels, mastering basic knowledge, clarifying main knowledge, and understanding implied knowledge and experiments. Achieve the ability to analyze and solve problems by using biological knowledge. Be able to correctly use biological terms, principles and concepts, explain biological facts, understand the meaning of commonly used biological charts, accurately describe biological phenomena, verify biological facts or explore the reasons of a biological phenomenon with simple and scientific methods, and explain and analyze the results; Analyze and solve practical problems in daily life with biological knowledge.