First, the content is combed
1, the non-mainstream thought in Wei Jinliang period
(1) Benevolence and temperament
Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties inherited the pre-Qin Confucianism, and advocated that human nature is good and everyone can be a saint. That is, "the essence of justice" is universal and everyone is the same.
And personality, the difference is from the "qi" point of view, and what is implemented in people is personality and talent. Everyone is different, colorful and innate. That is, "the nature of temperament"
Wei and Jin dynasties inherited the views of the Han Dynasty. Until the Sui and Tang Dynasties, they did not pay attention to the nature of justice and reason, but only paid attention to qi. In fact, the essence of sanctification lies in virtue, and secondly it involves "talent" that can perfect virtue. Most people are stuck in "talent". This comes from "Qi".
Righteously, everyone can become a Buddha. This universality of justice needs to be limited by "Qi". On the one hand, talent limits the understanding of rationality, on the other hand, it is a tool to realize rationality with momentum.
(2) Pei Wei's theory of worshipping the monarch, Ji Kang's theory of no sorrow and joy, and Fan Zhen's theory of the extinction of gods are all unconventional views. Not unconventional. But close to western realism, formal beauty and materialism respectively.
2. The origin of emptiness and its new theoretical environment.
The origin is to look at the law of causality from the perspective of "emptiness", and the emptiness of nature is that the essence is not true. There is self-nature, and self-nature is not empty. Impermanence, no self, no self, no reality, no emptiness. All independent and unchangeable entities flow with karma, that is, the origin of emptiness.
The beauty of this concept is that if we look at it from the origin, it will not increase or decrease, which is in line with the middle way, that is, emptiness. Indulge in common interests; Total nothingness is destroyed and weakened. Common judgments are evil, and neither increase nor decrease conforms to the mean. The origin is empty.
Unlike Christianity, which is created by God to ensure the existence of all laws, Buddhism maintains all origin laws with the "normality" of nirvana (great freedom and true self). All roads lead to the same goal.
(1) Western philosophy fights for what is right, Confucianism fights for virtue, Buddhism fights for what is wrong, and Taoism exists in the form of "between things and non-things".
(2) Kant believes that phenomena are only relationships, and relationships are preserved by time and space and categories. This explanation can explain scientific knowledge.
(3) Bradley thinks that phenomena are conflicts and contradictions, and then contradictions are melted by the present, which is called the dialectics of melting. But this explanation cannot explain scientific knowledge.
Zhuangzi also has ideas that stakeholders themselves can't stop. Stakeholders can't stop the endless division and can't achieve absoluteness without breaking the principle of duality. However, Zhuangzi broke through the duality from the aspects of flush, right and wrong, beauty and ugliness, good and evil, not from the knowledge level.
In fact, when to maintain duality and when to break duality is a question of how we view the science of Buddhist interpretation. According to Kant's thinking, the corresponding way of doing things in Buddhism is consistent with it, and there must be some insistence, such as that science is true and vulgar.
Lecture 13: two truths and three natures: how to organize scientific knowledge? Is it subjectivism?
1, truth and triviality
Empty sects tell the truth. From the "origin", that is, vulgar truths; From the perspective of sexual emptiness, it is true. Truth and vulgarity are the same thing, that is, "the origin is empty"
Only knowing Sect stresses three natures: "Starting from others" is the origin and corresponds to universal truth; "Round reality" is empty, corresponding to the true meaning; It also expresses "persistence" in a positive way, and an empty door presupposes the existence of persistence when telling two truths, so two truths and three natures express the same meaning.
2. Modern concept of two truths and three natures.
( 1)? The real vulgarity is two:
Traditional Buddhism believes that truth and vulgarity are two different things, for Buddhists and Bodhisattvas, and for ordinary people, truth and vulgarity are two different things.
For ordinary people, it is really "in truth", and for buddhas and bodhisattvas, it is really "in truth". Secular people think it is true, and Buddha and Bodhisattva confirm it as persistence. For example, scientific knowledge is "vulgar truth", and secular people think it is truth.
In modern times, "being true" and "being vulgar" are two rather than one. Universal truth has considerable independence, and the insistence of scientific knowledge representatives also has considerable truth.
(2) Three natures: the origin of knowledge change.
Just as the origin of law depends on him, removing the "full-time plan" will make the circle become a reality.
According to the opposite of otherness, it is "there is no self in life", that is, there is no self in all the appearances of origin law; The opposite theory of full implementation is "no self"; The reality is "winning righteousness without self-nature"
You can't follow his nature, because all laws are born of karma; The reality of the circle is virtual and true, and it is even more impossible to go. All that needs to be removed is the implementation of the plan. Because tradition holds that there is no truth in falsehood, and three natures are only two natures.
3, scientific knowledge is persistent, but it is true.
(1) Kant believes that the stages shown by the transcendental decision of categories are all achievements in empirical scientific knowledge, and in Buddhism, they are the stages held by "all-round planning". Then, shouldn't "going through the motions" make sense? It is not that all practices are reasonable, but that some practices do have considerable truth, such as scientific knowledge.
(2) Scientific knowledge is the reason for persistence.
What belongs to knowledge is persistence. According to him, scientific knowledge belongs to the scope of "dyeing eight senses", and of course it is persistence.
Perseverance is not only a psychological worry, but also a staged persistence. Incorrect behavior is also persistent and logical.
Heart: the state or characteristics of the heart, corresponding to and integrated with the heart;
Color position: the state or characteristics of things, corresponding to things and integrated into one;
Non-corresponding behavior: in fact, it is the category that Kant said, but it cannot establish a corresponding relationship with the mind or things. Such as time and space, and this belongs to science, so the science that can be achieved is also realized.
4. Vulgar truth has dialectical inevitability.
Buddha needs scientific knowledge in order to measure all beings, so it is dialectical necessity for him to trap himself in order to achieve scientific knowledge and ensure its inevitability. And take compassion as the basis of its transcendence.
5. the relationship between truth and vulgarity: no, no. Come and go freely.
Buddhism has no scientific knowledge. It is dialectically developed from Prajna paramita. Bodhisattva can absorb learning if necessary, that is, "nothing can exist."
After that, from the perspective of the cultivation time of becoming a saint and a Buddha, science can still be replaced, that is, "there is nothing."
Buddhism talks about turning knowledge into wisdom, so science can be eliminated, but if necessary, Buddhism can be reduced from wisdom to knowledge, which is called "freedom of coming and going"
Second, ask questions.
Buddhism has a religious side, emphasizing rituals and magical powers, and even karma. But this is not the meaning of Buddhism (philosophy).
The cause and effect of Buddhism is a logical necessity, and the origin of Buddhism is a historical necessity, which is the result of the combination of karma. The connotation of historical inevitability is the confluence of various factors, both situational and artificial.
The inevitability of causal logic is fixed, and the historical inevitability of origin emptiness emphasizes development and change.
Born? Everything is made up of reasons and combinations. Cause is the environment, that is, people's trip, harmonious integration and re-entry into cause.
In terms of logic, we attach importance to the present reality and emphasize the entity, while Buddhists talk about change? Everyone likes to ask, what is this? Buddhists say that this is karma and harmony, and we can change it. Everything is changing.
About life, it is not the predetermined connotation, but the environmental significance. The environment is external to people, so-called change of life, we can only conform to the trend, can not change the environment, often we can only adapt to local conditions.
What does Buddhist karma mean? It is not a logical necessity, but a connection.
Sexual emptiness does not mean that there is nothing at present, but that we should not cling to the present and have a sense of development and change.
You know the fate of fifty. What is fate? It's your inner goodness. You do what you want, not anyone's orders. This is a Confucian saying.
In fact, Buddhism tells us that everything changes because of karma, so don't cling to the present, which is also an open-minded attitude towards life.
Our current entity (accustomed to paying attention to the actual still life, influenced by scientism or materialism) Buddhism pays attention to its changes. Everything is changing, and this is empty, not the meaningless emptiness of present things.
To live in the present is to live in the cause of change, not to cling to the past, not to cling to the future, and to follow the trend.
True meaning is empty, and vulgarity is the origin? . Vulgar truth is persistent obsession.
Origin is vulgar truth, and emptiness is true meaning. Fate begins with him and has the nature of repeated calculation. After removing the repeated calculation, the reality appears in front, that is, becomes reality. Our ideas and ideas are based on it, and we are persistent, but in fact, all karma and sex are empty, so be realistic.
Color is all external things in the external environment, and emptiness is change? Color is empty, which is to see through and see the variability of everything, such as the 10 thousand-hour theory, can you?
Then why do you say "emptiness is color"? We should pay attention to reality with a changing heart. This is similar to the Taoist "trace circle".
The good habit of 2 1 day, waiting for "flowers to bloom" and the theory of 10 thousand hours may all be persistence.
It is right to help students grow up; Testing by grades or grades is persistence. Different students have different talents and different growth rhythms.
? What does "hold" mean in the logical sense? ? With conditions, there should be results. Logic emphasizes reasoning. Buddhism doesn't talk about reason, but about everything that can't be explained. It's not inexplicable, but it's hard to avoid having so much logic.
Speaking and holding refers to sticking to the same, regardless of conditions, etc.
It is relatively easy for people to persist, but it is difficult to persist. Why, persistence does not need to change, but persistence needs to develop and change, so this is the reason why the world can't persist? @ 198274 Wang Xiaojuan (course director) Yes, people care about experience, others' success and their own fame, but they go their own way and change their ideas with emptiness. Few people are just doing their duty without benefiting themselves.
There are many people who specialize in self-interest and few people who specialize in self-interest? Is it obsessive-compulsive disorder? @ 183860 Not to mention in Li Daode. But this is indeed an obsession, but it cannot be said that it is not an obsession to benefit others.
Ability can be continuously improved through hard work and study @2 10068 Chen Xiaoyan should pay attention to the category of ability, that is, whether it is suitable for individuals; At the same time, the ability can't be improved indefinitely. The horizontal contrast is not good.
With regard to education, we should do it actively, but not on the basis of achievements or horizontal comparison. We should take individuals as the center, give people respect, guide the situation, and be beautiful as adults, and don't impose it on others. ...
Eastern philosophy pays attention to human life, while western philosophy pays attention to thinking logic. Zhu Xiang studied western things and gained knowledge. Just like today's exam-oriented education, Shanhai has no Nobel Prize. [Thank you] finally returned to the philosophy of life in the East! The same is true of education. Go back to the original point and focus on inner growth.
Buddhism focuses on change. Changes in knowledge and ability. Knowledge is formed under the intuition of time and space and under the category, which is persistence.
Is knowledge from the perspective of ontology? On the Establishment of Life as Ontology
The persistence of knowledge mentioned here is to further understand the origin of emptiness.
Western philosophy emphasizes practicality, while Buddhism emphasizes change, with different perspectives. The former achieves knowledge, while the latter sees change.
Knowledge contains laws, which is a kind of persistence. However, there is some truth in this insistence, and truth is truth, which is correct within a certain range. What range is incorrect? @ 183855 Guo Junyun's Newton's Law and Relativity; Euclidean geometry and non-Euclidean geometry ...
1+ 1=2 Will it change in the eyes of Buddhists? @ 183860 Li's insistence on mathematics and science has its own reasons. Spectators don't look at things with an unchanging concept.
The origin of Buddhism is emptiness, and it can follow the Taoist principle of creating something out of nothing, creating something out of nothing, that is, variability. Is change also a matter of persistence? @ 184225 Song changes are reality.
Learning is painful, so ask.
2 10068 Chen Xiaoyan: Are the connotations of emptiness and Taoism the same? @2 10068 The nothingness of Taoism in Chen Xiaoyan is a subjective state of mind. Taoism does not deny the entity of all things, but Buddhism emphasizes that there is no self. Taoists talk about similarity, Buddhists talk about similarity, and Buddhists talk about emptiness and similarity.
199424 Yang Pingyuan: Is the study of The Big Problem beneficial to the study of China's philosophy? @ 199424 Yang Pingyuan's exploration of "I", for example.
Is Sophie's world easier than big questions? Or does Sophie's World better introduce philosophy? @ 199424 Yang Pingyuan's Sophie's World is an introduction to western philosophy.
Fu Peirong and Guo Jicheng studied western philosophy first, and then China's philosophy.
Perspective problem. Generally, we attach importance to reality, such as the obsession with ideas, but what Buddhists see is that everything is not constant, and it is a combination of karma and karma and will not change. This is sexual emptiness, this is reality.
Che Xiaoyi said Xizhe is very good.
Westerners originated from commercial navigation, so they like to look up at the stars-philosophy and science! Orientals originated from farming and studied the four great inventions and the world-famous Taoist philosophy in a down-to-earth manner. "A nation has some people who care about the sky, and they have hope; A nation only cares about what is under its feet, and that has no future. " @202 173 Ge Zhanqin's previous statement is environmental determinism, which is inappropriate. The concept of "historical inevitability" can actually explain these better.
Take advantage of the trend, in all changes, not persistent
Pei Wei's "On Worship of Being" is aimed at the Taoist nothingness, but it is similar to the real existence in the west in essence, which is not enough to counter the Taoist nothingness.
In Ji Kang's health theory, it is different from Confucianism's "everyone can become Yao and Shun" and Buddhism's "everyone can become a Buddha" and not everyone can become an immortal. This involves "innate talent", that is, the problem of qi.