There are many kinds of reading notes. Generally speaking, they can be divided into four categories: abstract, outline, comment and experience. The four categories are divided into several types, and each type is written differently.

(1) extract type

Abstract is the most commonly used record form for collecting data in reading activities. Mainly for future scientific research activities. It is required to extract the original sentence accurately, and also indicate the source for easy reference and verification. The extracted notes can be divided into:

1. index

Index notes only record the title and source of the article. Such as book title, author and publication date. If it is a book, record the book, chapters, name of the publishing house, publication date and edition; If it is a periodical, remember the issue number, and the newspaper should remember the year, month, day and page for easy search. For example:

Qian Cangshui and Hao Shuming. Encyclopedia of teachers' vocational skills. Liberal arts volume. Renmin University of China Press, L Edition,1September, 992.

Sun Xiaoyuan: (analysis of confusing mathematical concepts),

Extract the original text

To extract the original text is to copy wonderful sentences and paragraphs related to your own study and research from books and periodicals as original materials for future reference. To extract the original text, a classification subject should be marked according to the original content, which is convenient for the classification and future use of the data, and the source should be indicated after citation. For example:

Physics experiment teaching in middle school

Physics teaching is based on experiments, and the basic knowledge of middle school physics textbooks is guided by experiments, and gradually summing up regular knowledge such as laws is an important method of middle school physics teaching, which can not be ignored. In the future, physics experiment teaching in middle schools should include three aspects: first, the use of basic instruments; Secondly, choose the experimental equipment according to the experimental principle; Thirdly, the relevant experimental data can be correctly analyzed and processed, from which the corresponding laws can be drawn or verified. Wang Quangen:

3. Summary of opinions

The summary of opinions is to summarize or write the main viewpoints and conclusions of the original text on the basis of understanding the original text, and the "abstract of arguments" in newspapers and periodicals is like this. It should also indicate the author, publication, distribution, etc. For example:

Cultivating students' problem-solving ability in mathematics teaching

The ability to solve problems includes four parts: practical operation ability, spatial imagination ability, abstract generalization ability and logical reasoning ability. The practical operation ability can be divided into two parts: one is the operation ability of specific numbers; The second is the ability to carry out constant deformation on algebras and triangles.

The ability of spatial imagination is mainly exercised through geometric problems and triangular application problems.

Abstract generalization ability mainly includes: 1. The ability to abstract practical problems into mathematical problems; 2. Transition from concrete numerical operation to abstract formula operation.

The ability of logical reasoning can be roughly divided into two aspects: organization and flexibility, in which the key is to praise rationality and pay attention to the flexibility of thinking.

Ginger: 1, No.2, 987.

(2) Outline style

Outline notes are used to record the arguments or main arguments of a book or an article in the form of an outline, or to briefly write the main contents according to the chapters and paragraphs of the original text. Outline notes can be divided into outline and abstract:

1. Overview

Outline notes should be faithful to the frame style or paragraph level of the original book or text, and outline the original book or full text. You can write it in the original sentence or in your own language.

2. Summary

Abstract is different from outline. An outline is to write out the main points paragraph by paragraph; Abstract is the key point of writing a comprehensive full text.

(3) Comment style

Comment notes are not only excerpts, but also their main views on the content and materials of reading materials. It can also express the feelings of the author of the note. There are several important notes:

1. Heading Note

Making notes at the beginning of a book is the easiest way to take notes. That is, when reading a book, draw a symbol in the blank space next to the word with a pen, or add comments in the blank space. If XXX wrote a book while reading, he drew many circles on the book with two kinds of colored pens from Zhu Mo. Where he thinks his point of view is correct and his words are beautiful, he will criticize "this theory is quite detailed" and "this statement is very close."

I mean "if you think it's wrong, draw an" x "or mark it with words like" unreasonable "and" absurd ".

This method of taking notes can only be used in your own books, so be careful.

Step 2 comment

Annotation is a comment on the gains and losses of the book after reading, or a comment on the difficulties. For example, Gu Weizhen (catching the wind and raising shadows, thinking >; A paragraph in:

Godel's incomplete theorem. This is a milestone in the history of mathematics. The original rigorous mathematical fortress has a big loophole, which cannot be filled. The original rigorous mathematical framework, based on several axioms and using explicit deduction as the method, led to the brilliant achievements of the seven-story pagoda, which was really beautiful. Moreover, the ingenious mathematical structure is not only rigorous, but also universal: seemingly different things, through abstraction.

Expression can often be summed up in the same mathematical description, which seems to be everywhere; I have fallen. However, Godel proved that any formal logic system with high popularity must contain some propositions, and it is impossible to distinguish right from wrong by the logic of this system. Most of this problem lies in "but toward which corner of the mountain".

experience

Experiential notes are a kind of notes to write your knowledge, feelings, experiences, feelings and gains after reading. It has the following kinds:

1. Notes

Notes, also known as notes, are written by combining the main points and experiences of notes when reading. The forms of these notes are flexible, long or short. Let's take Pan Shu's Midnight Bell to the Passenger Ship as an example: Zhang Tang Ji.

In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.

Ouyang Xiu, a famous person, made a rare and strange accusation against him. In his Poems on June 1, there was a saying in the Tang Dynasty: "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell struck passenger ship C." The speaker also said: the sentence is correct, but it is not the time to ring the bell at midnight!

Ouyang Xiu's "the speaker is also a cloud" is actually his own opinion, but he just doesn't want to say it clearly.

Is there a bell ringing in the monk temple at midnight? Did Hanshan Temple in Suzhou knock midnight in Tang Dynasty? This problem constitutes the focus of whether Zhang Ji's poems should be revised.

After several investigations, people found that not all monks' temples did not ring the bell at midnight, but the temples in Gusu would ring the bell at midnight in the Tang Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu's statement is not true.

As early as the Six Dynasties, there were records of temples ringing at midnight.

In Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and Wen both had poems describing midnight bells. Huang Furan's "Stay in the Swallow in Autumn Night" said: "The bells on the mountain in the third watch talk about the feelings of the meeting, and" Midnight Bells Melodious Over the Water "proves that the temples in Sichuan in Tang Dynasty are also like this.

For the record of ringing bells at midnight in Gusu Temple, see Shi Lin Shi Hua. Ye Mengde, a native of Southern Song Dynasty, was full of praise for Wang Anshi's poems, but dissatisfied with Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi. He has lived in Gusu for a long time and is most familiar with the situation there. He criticized Ouyang Xiu and said: Gai Gong has never been to Wuzhong, and now Wuzhong Mountain Temple rings the bell in the middle of the night. (Chronology of Tang Poetry, Volume 25: There is a midnight clock here (referring to Gusu), which is called impermanent clock, and (Zhang) has different ears. Ou Gong thinks that the language is ill, but it is not.

(Pan Shuyang

2. read it.

After reading, it is also called reading experience. Readers write down their experiences, feelings and gains after reading. After reading it, the feeling is very heavy. It can be true knowledge or subtle thoughts learned from books, and it can be thinking and association inspired by the contents of books. It can be the determination and ideal inspired by reading, and it can also be the perception and comment on some social phenomena caused by reading.

Feeling good after reading has become a common article style in newspapers and periodicals. After writing, pay attention to the following points:

First of all, it should be the "feeling" caused by reading (including newspapers). Without books, it becomes another style. Therefore, the feeling after reading usually indicates at the beginning what books and newspapers this feeling comes from, and also indicates the source of the materials. Secondly, it is best to talk about a problem with feelings after reading it; If you have a lot of content and feelings, you can write a few, and don't mix them together. The feeling after reading it must be clear and focused. No matter how complicated feelings and rich associations are, they are triggered around reading materials to prevent complications.

Finally, a story, a sentence, a data, a discussion and so on. No matter the size of the material, it can arouse the sense of reading. But never dismember the original text, distort the original intention, and don't mix your feelings or added materials with the author's original text. Summarize the original text accurately and quote it faithfully.

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