Shanghai junior high school mathematics textbooks mainly use Shanghai Education Publishing House (Trial Edition) (referred to as Shanghai Education Edition) and Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House (referred to as Shanghai Science Edition). Anyway, most counties and cities in Shanghai use this.

The editions are People's Education Edition, Hebei Education Edition, Shaanxi People's Education Edition, Hebei People's Education Edition, Education Edition, Hebei University Edition, Hebei Children's Edition, Hunan Education Edition, Beijing Normal University Edition, Huazhong Normal University Edition and so on.

Introduction:

The three main mathematical definitions are called logicians, intuitionists and formalists, each of which reflects a different school of philosophical thought. Everyone has serious problems, no one generally accepts it, and no reconciliation seems feasible.

The early definition of mathematical logic is Benjamin Peirce's Science of Drawing Inevitable Conclusions (1870). In Principles of Mathematics, Bertrand Russell and alfred north whitehead put forward a philosophical program called logicism, trying to prove that all mathematical concepts, statements and principles can be defined and proved by symbolic logic. The logical definition of mathematics is Russell's "All mathematics is symbolic logic" (1903).