Mathematics is a systematic, logical and related subject that studies the relationship between spatial form and quantity in the real world. The new junior high school mathematics syllabus emphasizes that students' mathematics learning should be realistic, meaningful and challenging, and it should be conducive to students' active observation, experiment, guess, verification, reasoning and communication. Therefore, in junior high school mathematics teaching, teachers must deeply study the knowledge structure and vertical and horizontal relations of textbooks, and at the same time pay attention to the cultivation of students' discovery thinking ability.